Los retos de la colaboración público-privada en la implementación de la formación profesional dual. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/reec.43.2023.34009Palabras clave:
Formación profesional, Formación profesional dual, Diálogo social, Reforma educativa, Revisión sistemáticaResumen
Las altas tasas de desempleo estructural en los países d sur europeo, junto a la carencia de profesionales de titulaciones de nivel medio, están generando la puesta en marcha de reformas en sus sistemas de formación profesional (FP). Estas reformas, impulsadas desde la Unión Europea, han utilizado como modelo de referencia el sistema dual centroeuropeo. No obstante, esta transferencia implica procesos de adopción, adaptación y transformación en su implantación, donde se presentan diferentes retos, dificultades y desafíos entre los actores implicados.
Este artículo se basa en una revisión sistemática de la literatura de los retos y dificultades a los que se enfrentan los sectores públicos y privados en la implantación del modelo dual. En la misma se ha seguido el protocolo PRISMA y las propuestas de O’Neill & Booth (2017) para el uso de Nvivo en revisiones sistemáticas. La búsqueda y creación del corpus bibliográfico se realizó a través de WoS-Main Collection, Scopus y ProQuest.
Los resultados sistematizan los retos y dificultades que la literatura académica identifica en lo referente a la colaboración público-privada para el correcto funcionamiento de la FP dual, claves en los procesos de implementación. Estos giran en torno al acceso, la cooperación en red, el desarrollo del currículo, la tensión entre productividad y formación y la respuesta a las recesiones económicas.
La literatura revisada advierte de que cualquier intento de reformar la FP siguiendo el modelo dual centroeuropeo conlleva múltiples desafíos contextuales que dificultan una transferencia directa. El diálogo social emerge como herramienta fundamental para una exitosa implement
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