"ENTRA": A TEACHER-REPORTED SCREENING TOOL FOR ASSESSING PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/reop.vol.36.num.3.2025.41478Keywords:
Psychoeducational assessment, Questionnaire, Screening, School, Primary educationAbstract
School psychologists have limited time to gather information and conduct psychoeducational assessments. Primary school teachers are qualified observers who spend significant time with children in various settings. The objective of this research is to develop and validate the ENTRA, a broad-spectrum screening questionnaire designed to collect information from teachers in the areas of cognition, communication, learning, socio-emotional development, and family context. ENTRA is structured according to DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 criteria.
A theoretical framework and a 21-item questionnaire were developed. 28 primary school teachers (6-12 years) completed the questionnaire on 421 children, and a psychoeducational battery was administered to 281 of them. Validity data were obtained through construct and content analysis, hypothesis testing, and the calculation of sensitivity and specificity. Reliability was measured through internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
Factor analysis revealed four major areas: cognitive/academic, socioemotional, behavior, and effort. The contrast between the population that ENTRA identified as at risk (22% of the sample) and those identified by the psychoeducational battery as requiring support (13%) showed 89% sensitivity and 88% specificity. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86), and the test-retest correlation was significant, reinforcing the reliability of the instrument
The results suggest that ENTRA is a valid and reliable instrument for use in school counseling as a broad-spectrum screening questionnaire for children aged 6 to 12.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Juan Cruz Ripoll Salceda, Raúl Etxandi Goñi, Sonia Arístregui Huarte, Sergio Aguilera Albesa, Pablo Sotés Ruiz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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