Sensibilidad al ambiente (educativo): autogestión de la alta demanda en estudiantes y profesionales universitarios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.42867Palabras clave:
sensibilidad del procesamiento sensorial, personalidad, estudiantes y profesores universitarios, afrontamiento diario, bienestar, programa formativo universitario, educación superiorResumen
Actualmente el sector educativo se hace eco del conocimiento aportado por la Psicología, pues comprende en el contexto de su responsabilidad social, que debe facilitar el desarrollo integral de las personas, potenciando la adquisición de competencias en un ambiente que promueva el bienestar físico, mental y emocional. Es bien sabido que características de personalidad influyen en dicho bienestar y en la expresión de la máxima potencialidad individual. La literatura científica ha evidenciado que el rasgo de personalidad caracterizado por una alta Sensibilidad del Procesamiento Sensorial (SPS), presente en aproximadamente el 30% de la población, hace a la denominada persona altamente sensible, mucho más sensible a las influencias del ambiente. De este modo, una alta SPS puede conducir a un mayor beneficio de ambientes positivos, pero ser también factor de riesgo para desarrollar problemas de salud física y mental en ambientes desfavorables. Pese a su impacto social, escasos estudios se han llevado a cabo sobre estas personas en el contexto universitario, y en especial, sobre profesionales. En respuesta a esta necesidad, este estudio pretende: 1) a partir de las percepciones de estudiantes y profesionales universitarios, con y sin rasgo de alta SPS, analizar las dificultades y fortalezas presentes en la gestión diaria al enfrentarse a situaciones altamente demandantes y, 2) analizar comparativamente los aspectos diferenciales que muestran las personas altamente sensibles. Se siguió una metodología cualitativa con focus groups como fuente de información, en los que participaron 10 estudiantes y 17 profesionales. El análisis de contenido evidencia cinco temas comunes (visibilidad del rasgo, salud, personalidad, estrategias y dificultades). Todos los grupos muestran fortalezas, pero también dificultades en el afrontamiento diario, con particularidades en el colectivo altamente sensible. Se discuten los resultados incluyendo una propuesta formativa con foco en la SPS, pero de aplicación y beneficio para toda la comunidad universitaria.
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Derechos de autor 2025 María de la Luz Morales-Botello, Rosa Rodríguez-Jiménez, Manuela Pérez-Chacón, Antonio Chacón
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