Control parental y agresión en niños y adolescentes: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.42152Palabras clave:
Control conductual parental, control psicológico parental, agresión, conducta externalizante, adolescencia, géneroResumen
Actualmente contamos con una considerable cantidad de investigación sobre la agresión entre niños y adolescentes que destaca la relevancia de las estrategias parentales como antecedentes. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que sistematicen los trabajos disponibles sobre los efectos de los subtipos de control parental en cada categoría específica de agresión. La presente revisión es un intento de integrar en un mismo estudio las investigaciones actualizadas sobre los efectos diferenciales del control, tanto conductual como psicológico, sobre la agresión, en general, y sus tipos (abierta, relacional, proactiva, reactiva, bullying), en particular. Para esta revisión, se buscaron, codificaron y clasificaron estudios publicados entre los años 2018 hasta el 2023 que consideramos relevantes en la temática. Como resultado, se identificaron 28 trabajos. Los resultados mostraron que un mayor control psicológico parental parece contribuir a la conducta externalizante y más concretamente a la conducta agresiva de sus hijos, sin que esta relación sea moderada por el país de origen, ni la normatividad cultural del control psicológico en el país de estudio, ni la edad del adolescente. Por otro lado, no se ha encontrado consenso suficiente entre los estudios revisados en la conceptualización e instrumentos de medida del control conductual parental ni en los resultados sobre las asociaciones de este tipo de control con la conducta externalizante y/o agresiva de los hijos, evidenciándose que la cultura puede actuar como variable moderadora. En los próximos años, los autores podrían centrarse en consensuar el concepto, los componentes y los instrumentos de medida del control parental, especialmente el control conductual, considerar la especificidad de las distintas categorías de agresión, y dilucidar el papel del género del progenitor y del adolescente en cada una de estas relaciones específicas.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Angélica Vera-Sagredo, Rosa María Ruiz-Ortiz, José Manuel Muñoz , Rosario Carreras
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