Los fundamentos de la Educación Imperial Estadounidense
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/reec.31.2018.21591Palabras clave:
soft power, colonial, ocupación, filantropía, intercambios, progreso educativoResumen
Se presenta la evolución de la educación en el imperio estadounidense, comenzando con las colonias en los territorios obtenidos de España a principios del siglo XX, pasando por la ocupación estadounidense de Alemania y Japón después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y luego durante la Guerra Fría y los períodos posteriores a la Guerra Fría. Mediante una selección de ejemplos se discutirán los fundamentos básicos del imperialismo educativo estadounidense, incluyendo los valores e ideales, los intercambios internacionales, la filantropía, la educación en determinados países musulmanes, la educación empresarial y la colaboración entre los aspectos del hard power y el soft power del imperialismo. Se señala dónde esta colaboración ha fallado o ha llevado a resultados catastróficos. Se observa que los cambios principales corresponden a cambios en las actitudes públicas, políticas y populares de los Estados Unidos. Se brindan conclusiones sobre la forma y los cambios en el imperialismo educativo. Se verá que gran parte de lo que se observa es una «mezcla» de política y aspectos prácticos que producen una combinación de resultados.
Descargas
Citas
Al-Shaikhly, S. & Cui, J. (2017, October 1). Education in Iraq. WENR. Retrieved from https://wenr.wes.org/2017/10/education-in-iraq
American Council on Education (May 2009). International Partnerships: Guidelines for Colleges and Universities, Appendix C: Funding Sources. Retrieved from http://www.acenet.edu/news-room/Documents/AppendixC-editKK-Final-UpdatedMay09.pdf
American University of Afghanistan (2018). https://www.auaf.edu.af/
Angulo, A. J. (2012) Empire and Educaton: A history of greed and goodwill from the War of 1898 to the War on Terror (Kindle edition). Basingstoke; Palgrave Macmillan
Alumni Association American University of Afghanistan (2018). https://www.facebook.com/AUAF-Alumni-Association-218154425049283/
American University of Antigua (2018). https://www.auamed.org/
American University of Armenia (2018). https://aua.am/
American University of Central Asia (2018). https://www.auca.kg/
Barfield, T. (2016). Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Beckert, H. (2016). The Effects of Denazification on Education in West Germany”, (Honors Thesis, Murray State University), Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&context=scholarsweek PDF 19
Bello. W, (1998). American Imperialism in the Asia-Pacific. Peace Review, 10(3) https://focusweb.org/node/342
Benedict, R. (1946). The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: patterns of Japanese culture. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Blum, J. (1967). From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of War, 1941–1945. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Brainerd, H. (1928, May), Progressive Schools in Latin America, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, 62, 453-467.
Bull, B, (2008). Project Aims to Bring Iraqi Students to U.S. Colleges, National Public Radio Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=90768387.
Buono, S. (2016, August 12,). Commission and Omission of History in Occupied Japan 1945-1949,” Binghamton: Journal of History. Retrieved from https://www.binghamton.edu/history/resources/journal-of-history/stephen-buono.html
Cohen, T. & Passin, H. (1987). Remaking Japan: The American Occupation as New Deal. New York: Free Press.
Cogan, J. (1984, March). Should the U.S. Mimic Japanese Education? Lets Look Before We Leap. Phi DeltaKappan, 65, 463-68.
Counts, G.S. (1925, October). Education in the Philippines. The Elementary School Journal, 26, 94-106. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1086/455838
Cremin, L. (1964). The Transformation of the School: progressivism in American education, 1876-1957. New York: Vintage.
Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and Education. New York: Macmillan
Dewey, J. (1922). Racial Prejudice and Friction. The Chinese Social and Political Science Review, 6. pp. 1-2, 14-15
Dewey, J. (1925, April 22). Highly Colored White Lies. The New Republic, 229-30.
Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and Education. New York: Barnes and Noble.
Dinges, J. (2005). The Condor Years: How Pinochet and his allies brought terrorism to three continents. New York: The New Press.
Dorn, C. (2007), American Education, Democracy and the Second World War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Education USA (2018). US Embassy Iraq. Retrieved from https://educationusa.state.gov/
Eisemon, T. (1977). Educational Transfer: The Social “Ecology” of Educational Change. Teachers College Record, 78, 359-369.
Endpolio (2018). Retrieved from http://polioeradication.org/
Ernst, J. (1998). Forging a Fateful Alliance: Michigan State University and the Vietnam War. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press
Fain, P. (2012). Hour By Hour. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2012/09/05/credit-hour-causes-many-higher-educations-problems-report-finds
Ford Foundation (2018). Civic Engagement and Government,http://www.fordfoundation.org/work/challenging-inequality/civic-engagement-and-government/
Fuhr, C. (1997). The German Educational System Since 1945. Bonn: Inter Nationes.
European Reading Room, The Germans in America, Library of Congress. Retrieved 2018 from https://www.loc.gov/rr/european/imde/germchro.html
Goldman, J. (2003, March 16). Afghan Schools to Get an Education, Los Angeles Times, p. 16 , http://articles.latimes.com/2003/mar/16/nation/na-schools
Goldstein, M. (2018, March 5). Puerto Rico’s Positive Business Slogans Can’t Keep the Lights On. New York Times. Retrieve from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/05/business/puerto-rico-business-maria.html
Goodenow, R. (1977). The Progressive Educator as Radical or Conservative: George S. Counts and Race, History of Education, 25, 5
Goodenow, R. (1980, summer). Progressive Educators and the Native American. History of Education Quarterly, 207, 16.
Goodenow, R. (1984, summer) Transcending the Legacy of 20th Century American Schooling: In Search of a Global Perspective. Issues in Education, 44-55.
Goodenow, R. (1986). “The International Educational Relations of the United States” Lecture, University of London Institute of Education
Goodenow, R, & Marsden, W. (1992) The City and Education in Four Nations. Cambridge: The Cambridge University Press
Goodenow, R. (2012). Paradigms and Practice: Perspectives on Ever Shifting Telework Sands. In E. Christopher (Ed), Managing Communication Across Cultures: Different Voices. London: Palgrave MacMillan
Goodenow, R. (2015). Service Across Cultures: A Case Study of the Emerging Role of Communication Technology in Rotary International. In Elizabeth Christopher, International Management and Intercultural Communication; a Collection of Case Studies, London: Palgrave MacMillan.
Goodenow, R (2018). From occupation to cultural and social responsibility in Philippine and PuertoRican business education: A first stage historical research perspective. Forthcoming as Chapter 3 in Elizabeth Christoper (Ed), Meeting Expectations in Management Education: Social and Environmental Pressures on Managerial Behavior. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
Goodenow, R. & Cowen R. (1986). The American School of Education and the Third World in the Twentieth Century: Teachers College and Africa, 1920-1950, History of Education 15, 271-289.
Grimm, S. (2010). Germany’s Post-1945 and Post-1989 Education Systems. World Bank, World Development Report, March 2010, 1.
Harvard Business School of the Philippines http://www.hbsph.com/s/1738/cc/index.aspx?gid=38&pgid=61
Heyneman, S, & Lee, B. (2013). International Organizations and the Future of Educational Assistance. ReCom, United Nations University, WIDER Working Paper No. 2013/018, 9-22
Hirsch, H. (1988, Fall). Nazi Education: A Case of Political Socialization.
Educational Forum, 53(1), pp 63-76
Institute of International Education (2017). http://www.iie.org
Itzkoff, S. (2005), Rebuilding Western Civilization. Ashfield: Paideia
Japanese Census Data (2018). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_15_1YR_B02018&prodType=table
Jenkins, C. (2010, November 10). New Education and its emancipatory interests (1920-1950). History of Education, 29(2).
Justice, B. (2009). Education and the End of a Gun: The Origins of American Imperial Education in the Philippines. In N. Sobe (Ed), American Post-Conflict Educational Reform: From the Spanish American War to Iraq. New York: Palgrave Macmillan
Koinzer, T. (2009). German Postwar Educational Reform and the “American Way of Life”. In N. Sobe (Ed), American Post-Conflict Educational Reform: From the Spanish-American War to Iraq (p. 148). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Larson, E. (2011). In the Garden of the Beasts – Love, Terror, and an American Family in Hitler”s Berlin. New York: Broadway Books.
Michigan State University (2018). Vietnam Group Archive. http://vietnamproject.archives.msu.edu/
Millet, A.R. (2005). The War for Korea: 1945-1950. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas
Mitchell, D., Crowson, R. & Ships, D. (2011). Shaping Education Policy: Power and Process. New York: Routledge
Nakayama, S. (1989). Independence and Choice: Western Impacts on Japanese higher Education. In P. Altbach & V. Selvaratnam (Eds), From Dependence to Autonomy: The Development of Asian Universities. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Navarro, J.M. (2016). Creating Tropical Yankees: Social Science Textbooks and U.S. Ideological Control. New York: Routledge
Nye, J.S. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs
Sobritchea, C. (1996). American Colonial Education and Its Impact on the Status of Filipino Women. Quezon City: University Center for Women's Studies and the University of the Philippines. Retrieved as asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-28-1990/sobritchea.pdf.
Passin, H. (1965). Society and Education in Japan. New York: Teachers College and East Asian Institute.
Pew Research Center (2015, May 7). Germany and the United States: Reliable Allies, But Disagreement on Russia, Global Leadership and Trade. Retrieved from http://www.pewglobal.org/2015/05/07/germany-and-the-united-states-reliable-allies/
Pine, L. (2010). Education in Nazi Germany.London: Bloomsbury Press
Powell. L.R. (1996). William Fulbright and His Time: A Political Biography. Memphis: Guild Bindery Press.
Prestowitz, C. (2012). Pivoting Away from the American Dream. FP, Retrieved from http://foreignpolicy.com/2012/01/09/pivoting-away-from-the-american-dream/
Quintero, A.H. (2017). History of Education in Puerto Rico. Enciclopedia de Puerto Rico. Retrieved from https://enciclopediapr.org/en/encyclopedia/history-of-education-in-puerto-rico/#1463492689874-dd12c211-136e
Razia’s Ray of Hope (2018). https://raziasrayofhope.org/
Shane III, L, (2016, September 12), Report: Wars in Iraq, Afghanistan cost almost $5trillion so far. Military Times. Retrieved from https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2016/09/12/report-wars-in-iraq-afghanistan-cost-almost-5-trillion-so-far/
Siebold, S. (2017, December 20). Germany could send more soldiers to Afghanistan. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-defence/germany-could-send-more-soldiers-to-afghanistan-defense-minister-idUSKBN1ED24V
Seavey, R. (2018) .The Impact of Educational and Exchange Programs on German-U.S. Relations. Johns Hopkins University, American Institute for Contemporary American Studies. Retrieved from http://www.aicgs.org/2018/01/the-impact-of-educational-and-exchange-programs-on-german-u-s-relations/
Shibata, M. (2005). Japan and Germany under the US Occupation: A Comparative Analysis of the Post-War Education Reform. Lanham: Lexington Books
Sobe, N.W. (2009). American Post-Conflict Educational Reform—From the Spanish-American War to Iraq. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Solomon, B. (2013). Ancestors and Immigrants: A Changing New England Tradition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Stoner, F.S. (2000). The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters. New York: Free Press.
Silver, H. (1984, November 9). Educational Transfer or Educational Relations, The Times Higher Education Supplement, 14.
Stratton, C. (2016). Education for Empire: American Schools, Race, and the Paths of Good Citizenship. Oakland: University of California Press.
Tarnoff, C. (2016, Summary). Foreign Aid and the Education Sector: Programs and Priorities. Washington: Congressional Research Service,
Taylor, F. (2011). Exorcising Hitler: The Occupation and Denazification of Germany. London: Bloomsbury Press.
Teachers College (2002). The Afghan Project: TC Working with Afghans on Education. Retrieved from http://www.tc.columbia.edu/articles/2002/june/the-afghan-project-tc-working-with-afghans-on-education/
Teacherph (2016, May 16). US Basic Education Statistics in the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.teacherph.com/basic-education-statistics-philippines/
USAID (2018). Retrieved from https://www.usaid.gov/education
US Department of State (2018). The Fulbright Program. Retrieved from https://eca.state.gov/fulbright
US-Japan Foundation (1981) http://us-jf.
Wang, J. (2007). John Dewey in China. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Watson Institute, Brown University (2015, April). University Reconstruction in Iraq. Retrieved from http://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/costs/social/education
Williams, C. (2003). Adenauer: The Father of the New Germany. London: Time Warner Books.
Yamasaki, Y. (2010, September 2010). The impact of Western progressive educational ideas in Japan: 1868–1940. History of Education, 39(5). 575–588
Zha, Q (2004). Foreign influences on Japanese and Chinese higher education: a comparative analysis. PDF Download retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26409023 Foreign influences on Japanese and Chinese higher education a comparative_analysis
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Acknowledgement – Non Commercial (by-nc): Generation of derivated Works is allowed as long as a commercial use is not developed. The original work cannot be used with commercial aims.
This journal does not apply any fee to the authors by the filing or processing of articles.
