Cognitive Conflicts in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
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https://doi.org/10.33898/rdp.v32i120.995Palabras clave:
Síndrome del intestino irritable, Técnica de rejilla, Dispepsia funcional, dilema implicativo, constructivismo, identidad personalResumen
La importancia de los factores psicológicos en los Trastornos Funcionales Digestivos (TFD) queda plasmada en la literatura, sin embargo, los factores cognitivos apenas se han investigado y en particular, los conflictos cognitivos nunca se han explorado en este tipo de trastornos. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar las características cognitivas y sintomáticas de un grupo de 66 pacientes con TFD (33 diagnosticados de Síndrome del Intestino Irritable y 33 de Dispepsia Funcional) en comparación con un grupo control de participantes sin síntomas de TFD ni psicopatológicos. Ambos grupos fueron apareados por sexo y edad. La evaluación de la muestra clínica se llevó a cabo siguiendo los criterios del DSM- IV-TR y tanto a la muestra clínica como al grupo control se les administró el SCL 90-R, y además la Técnica de la Rejilla para la identificación de los conflictos cognitivos (dilemas implicativos) y de la discrepancia yo-ideal. Los resultados mostraron que el 85% de TFD cumplía criterios para algún trastorno del eje I del DSM-IV-TR, principalmente trastornos de ansiedad y de somatización. Respecto al eje II, el 23% presentó por lo menos un trastorno de personalidad, siendo los más comunes los de evitación y dependencia. En cuanto al eje IV, los pacientes informaron de un mayor número de problemas relativos al grupo primario de apoyo. Los pacientes con TFD mostraron mayor sintomatología con respecto al grupo control en diversas escalas del SCL-90-R. Por otro lado, los pacientes con TFD presentaron más dilemas implicativos que los controles sanos
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