Indecisión vocacional evolutiva y compleja en Secundaria, Bachillerato y Formación Profesional: una revisión sistemática exploratoria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.42209Palabras clave:
Indecisión vocacional, revisión sistemática, orientación pofesional, toma de decisiones, elección profesional, adolescenciaResumen
Acontecimientos recientes subrayan la necesidad de una orientación vocacional inclusiva, sostenible y adaptada a un contexto marcado por la incertidumbre, la digitalización, el estrés y las disrupciones en los espacios en que se desarrollan los adolescentes. Para ello es clave entender las dificultades que puede manifestar esta población en sus transiciones, para tomar decisiones vocacionales. Este trabajo presenta una revisión sistemática exploratoria, siguiendo la declaración PRISMA-Scr, de la literatura publicada entre 2007 y 2023 relacionada con los factores que influyen en la indecisión vocacional evolutiva y compleja, los instrumentos existentes y utilizados para evaluarlas en población adolescente, y los programas de intervención aplicados en su prevención o tratamiento. Siguiendo los criterios de inclusión predeterminados se analizan 78 trabajos (N = 825) identificados en revistas indexadas. Para su análisis y conceptualización se ha aplicado el método CIPP-C, que ha permitido presentar los resultados en un modelo multidimensional integrador que posibilita conjeturar a futuro las posibles relaciones entre los sistemas de variables identificadas y que constituye una de las principales aportaciones de este trabajo. Los resultados encontrados destacan la heterogeneidad de factores contextuales, cognitivos, emocionales, conductuales y de personalidad en ambos tipos de indecisión, la fiabilidad y validez de instrumentos unidimensionales y multidimensionales a nivel transcultural para evaluarlas, y la presencia de programas de intervención en indecisión vocacional evolutiva en los espacios educativos. Se concluye la necesidad de programas específicos, basados en la evidencia, para quienes presentan indecisión vocacional compleja y para estudiantes de Formación Profesional. También se necesita mayor representación de estudios cualitativos y mixtos, que recojan la experiencia de los estudiantes indecisos en contextos globalizados, digitalizados, de emergencia climática y sanitaria. Por último, como implicaciones para la práctica se recomienda una aproximación narrativa, cognitivo-conductual y sistémica y se propone contemplar elementos específicos para la intervención en indecisión vocacional compleja.
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