Revisión sistemática de investigaciones sobre videojuegos bélicos (2010-2020)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/rdh.42.2021.27570Palabras clave:
Videojuegos bélicos, Educación, Pensamiento crítico, Diseño, Militarización, War videogames, Education, Critical thinking, Design, MilitarizationResumen
Resumen: Se analiza la producción científica sobre videojuegos bélicos. La metodología se sustenta en una revisión sistemática de estudios extraídos de bases de datos (Scopus, Web Of Science y Google Scholar), mediante un meta-análisis, siguiendo criterios de PRISMA-P2015 para identificar los enfoques y metodologías empleadas. Se encontraron 37 estudios entre 2010-2020 en cuatro ámbitos: educativo, psicológico, sociológico o antropológico y tecnológico. Los resultados ofrecen un panorama polarizado, un sector los considera plataformas de propaganda militarista; otro apuesta por utilizarlos como un recurso didáctico, permitiendo la inmersión virtual en acontecimientos históricos; y los técnicos señalan la conveniencia de diseñar videojuegos educativos con el asesoramiento de historiadores para dotarlos de mayor fiabilidad, además de incorporar misiones gamificadas que potencien su jugabilidad. Sin embargo, se precisan estudios que profundicen en la oportunidad que ofrecen estos instrumentos para impulsar el pensamiento crítico y la reflexión frente a la guerra y el sufrimiento de las víctimas.
Abstract: Scientific production on war videogames is analyzed. The methodology is based on a systematic review of studies extracted from databases (Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar), through a meta-analysis, following the criteria of PRISMA-P2015 to identify the approaches and methodologies used. Thirty-seven studies were found between 2010-2020 in four areas: educational, psychological, sociological or anthropological and technological. The results offer a polarized panorama, one sector considers them militarist propaganda platforms; another is committed to using them as a didactic resource, allowing virtual immersion in historical events; and the technicians point out the convenience of designing educational video games with the advice of historians to make them more reliable, in addition to incorporating gamified missions that enhance their playability. However, studies are needed to delve into the opportunity offered by these instruments to promote critical thinking and reflection in the face of war and the suffering of the victims.
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