Tormenta Perfecta: Examen de alto riesgo y tutorías privadas en Egipto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/reec.40.2022.31510Resumo
Este artículo presenta la evidencia más reciente sobre la llamada educación en la sombra en Egipto y desde ahí analiza cómo la reforma educativa iniciada en 2018 ha tratado de cambiar la cultura tanto de la educación pública como de las tutorías privadas a través de la eliminación del examen externo al final de la Secundaria. La fuerte polémica política que esta reforma ha encontrado se aborda junto con los errores de comunicación y los vacíos de evidencia disponible, y se presentan como conclusión las opciones para avanzar. En la mayor parte de los países, existe una relación de simbiosis entre las tutorías privadas y los sistemas públicos de escolarización. En buena medida, ambos crecen gracias al otro. La existencia de exámenes externos “con consecuencias” (o de “alto riesgo”) alimenta dicha simbiosis, aunque, en casos como el de Egipto, la industria de las tutorías privadas se ha hecho tan poderosa que ha comenzado a parasitar la escolarización pública y, en cierta medida, a suplantarla. Las aulas vacías en los dos últimos años de Secundaria, y un volumen de inversión privada de las familias en tutorías privadas que rivaliza con la que hace el Estado en la escuela pública, además de un profesorado cuyos incentivos salariales dependen precisamente del Examen, señalan que la línea entre simbiosis y parasitismo se cruzó hace ya tiempo.
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