Las mujeres y la crítica de arte en España (1875-1936)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.20-21.2007.1480Keywords:
crítica de arte, feminismo, historia del arte, artículo, ensayo, libro de viaje, novela, cuento, obra dramática, art criticism, feminism, art history, article, essay, travelbook, novel, short story, play,Abstract
Muchas de las mujeres escritoras de la España de finales del siglo XIX y primeras décadas del XX mostraron un gran interés por el arte; por lo que dedicaron tanto a la historia como a la crítica de arte numerosos textos de los más variados géneros. Todas ellas fueron autodidactas y diletantes, como sus colegas masculinos, ya que la falta de profesionalización fue la tónica general de estas disciplinas hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XX. De ahí que las ideas de las escritoras acerca del arte no aparecieran —salvo excepciones— publicadas en obras estrictamente artísticas, sino en textos pertenecientes a una gran variedad de géneros. Los cuales, aunque no siempre tuvieron como objeto de estudio exclusivo el arte, le dedicaron muchas páginas y reflexiones. Entre estas escritoras destacaron —tanto por la abundancia de su producción como por la importancia que concedieron al arte—: Emilia Pardo Bazán, Carmen de Burgos, María Martínez Sierra y, de manera particular, Margarita Nelken; pues fue la única de ellas que se dedicó a su estudio de manera profesional.
Many women writers of the Spain at the end of the 19th century and first decades of the 20th century showed a great interest in art; that is why they took up to art history and criticism in numerous texts and a variety of genres. All of them were selftaught and dilettantes, as their male colleagues, because the lack of professional art history studies, which was the general keynote of these disciplines until the second half of the 20th century. The women writers’ ideas about art did not appear —except for some cases— in works about art, but in texts belonging to a large variety of genres. These did not always have art as their aim, but devoted to it many pages and reflections. Some women writers stand out for the quantity of their literary production and for the importance they gave to art: Emilia Pardo Bazán, Carmen de Burgos, María Martínez Sierra and, specially, Margarita Nelken, because she was the only one who studied art professionally.
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