Autopercepción y utilidad de la inteligencia artificial generativa en docentes en formación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.45480Palavras-chave:
inteligencia artificial generativa, ChatGPT, formación docente, autopercepción, utilidad, educaciónResumo
La irrupción de la Inteligencia Artificial Generativa (IA-Gen) en el ámbito educativo ofrece oportunidades, pero también plantea desafíos éticos y pedagógicos. En este contexto, resulta fundamental comprender la percepción de los docentes en formación hacia esta tecnología. Este estudio analizó la autopercepción de 174 docentes en formación sobre la IA-Gen aplicada a la educación. Se midieron siete dimensiones (Familiaridad, Relevancia, Habilidades prácticas, Barreras, Confianza, Impacto ético-social y Expectativas) en referencia a la IA-Gen y se valoró la utilidad de ChatGPT como herramienta para diseñar Situaciones de Aprendizaje (SdAs) tras una experiencia formativa con este sistema. Se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos, correlaciones de Spearman, se visualizó una red de correlaciones entre las siete dimensiones y se exploraron diferencias entre las titulaciones. Los resultados revelan niveles medios-altos de autopercepción con valoración muy positiva de la utilidad de ChatGPT y un alto nivel de satisfacción con su uso. La Confianza emergió como un nodo central en la red de correlaciones, vinculándose estrechamente con la Relevancia, Barreras, Impacto ético-social y Expectativas, lo que resalta su papel clave en la adopción de estas tecnologías. Asimismo, la mayoría de los participantes adoptó una actitud crítica ante la IA-Gen, contrastando las respuestas generadas por ChatGPT en lugar de aceptarlas pasivamente. En conclusión, aunque se observa una disposición favorable hacia la integración de la IA-Gen en educación, los futuros docentes demandan formación específica para su uso pedagógico y expresan preocupación por las implicaciones éticas de dicha integración.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Ana María Pinto-Llorente, Vanessa Izquierdo-Álvarez, Marta M. Dolcet-Negre
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