IA generativa y pensamiento crítico en la educación universitaria a distancia: desafíos y oportunidades
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.28.2.43556Palabras clave:
inteligencia artificial en e-learning (AIeL), pensamiento crítico, metacognición, educación universitaria a distancia, ética de la IA, brecha digitalResumen
La inteligencia artificial generativa (IAG) está transformando la educación universitaria, especialmente en entornos virtuales donde el predominio de actividades asincrónicas exige que los estudiantes gestionen activamente su aprendizaje. Su integración plantea desafíos y oportunidades para los docentes, quienes desempeñan un papel fundamental en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y requieren habilidades tecnopedagógicas para garantizar un uso ético y reflexivo de estas herramientas. Este estudio exploratorio analiza la incorporación de la IAG en la educación a distancia desde cinco dimensiones: barreras que limitan el pensamiento crítico, aceleradores que pueden impulsarlo, alternativas tecnológicas, retos sociales y consecuencias de fomentarlo. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas con once expertos en educación superior, los resultados identifican tres barreras principales: la falta de formación docente en IAG y pensamiento crítico, la resistencia institucional y la ausencia de directrices claras. No obstante, la alfabetización digital, la innovación pedagógica y la adaptación de los sistemas de evaluación pueden mitigar estos obstáculos. Entre las alternativas tecnológicas, se propone el desarrollo de edu-chatbots en entornos controlados y la implementación de marcos para analizar sesgos algorítmicos. Sin embargo, persisten retos como garantizar un acceso equitativo y evitar una dependencia acrítica. Como contribución, se proponen cinco vectores de acción que orientan la integración de la IAG y el diseño de políticas pedagógicas. Su implementación requiere una estrategia coordinada entre instituciones, docentes y responsables académicos, de modo que la automatización generada por la IA no solo optimice los procesos educativos, sino que también actúe como catalizador del pensamiento crítico.
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