La nueva realidad de la educación ante los avances de la inteligencia artificial generativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.27.1.37716Palabras clave:
inteligencia artificial, inteligencia artificial generativa, ChatGPT, educaciónResumen
Cada vez es más común interactuar con productos que parecen “inteligentes”, aunque quizás la etiqueta “inteligencia artificial” haya sido sustituida por otros eufemismos. Desde noviembre de 2022, con la aparición de la herramienta ChatGPT, ha habido un aumento exponencial en el uso de la inteligencia artificial en todos los ámbitos. Aunque ChatGPT es solo una de las muchas tecnologías generativas de inteligencia artificial, su impacto en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje ha sido notable. Este artículo reflexiona sobre las ventajas, inconvenientes, potencialidades, límites y retos de las tecnologías generativas de inteligencia artificial en educación, con el objetivo de evitar los sesgos propios de las posiciones extremistas. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática tanto de las herramientas como de la producción científica que ha surgido en los seis primeros meses desde la aparición de ChatGPT. La inteligencia artificial generativa es extremadamente potente y mejora a un ritmo acelerado, pero se basa en lenguajes de modelo de gran tamaño con una base probabilística, lo que significa que no tienen capacidad de razonamiento ni de comprensión y, por tanto, son susceptibles de contener fallos que necesitan ser contrastados. Por otro lado, muchos de los problemas asociados con estas tecnologías en contextos educativos ya existían antes de su aparición, pero ahora, debido a su potencia, no podemos ignorarlos solo queda asumir cuál será nuestra velocidad de respuesta para analizar e incorporar estas herramientas a nuestra práctica docente.
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