On constitutional challenges in the face of the advance of Artificial Intelligence. A national and comparative perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/rdp.118.2023.39105Keywords:
law, democracy, algorithms, artificial intelligenceAbstract
The aim of this article is to analyse the current regulation on artificial intelligence and the challenges it poses from a legal perspective. Artificial intelligence covers practically all of the daily actions of citizens. Bearing in mind that the law is the guarantor of the correct organisation of relations between people and that, in a democratic system, guarantees of respect for the fundamental rights of citizens are essential, the relationship between the three elements mentioned is unquestionable.
Firstly, it examines the regulation of AI in Europe, highlighting the norms and policies that have been adopted in the European Union and in some member states. Secondly, a comparative exposition is made of European regulation and approach with respect to the rest of the leading countries in terms of AI, such as the United States and China, mainly.
Third, it analyses the constitutional challenges posed by AI, including issues of privacy protection, the right to equality and non-discrimination, and legal liability in case of harm caused by AI systems. Fourth, the importance of algorithmic transparency and explainability in the use of AI systems is addressed, as lack of clarity in the operation of these systems can lead to discriminatory or harmful decisions.
Finally, the conclusions highlight the need for specific and coherent regulation for AI that addresses the legal and ethical challenges posed by this technology. It emphasises the importance of transparency and algorithmic explainability to ensure the protection of fundamental rights and invites legislators to work together with AI experts and other disciplines to achieve effective regulation.
Summary: I. INTRODUCTION. II. ANALYSIS OF THE REGULATION ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. 1. On the regulation of AI in Europe. 2. Comparative exposition of the European regulation and approach and the other AI players: the peculiarities of the US and China. III. CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. IV. ALGORITHMIC TRANSPARENCY AND EXPLAINABILITY. V. CONCLUSIONS.
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