Rol de la Inteligencia Artificial en la personalización de la educación a distancia: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.28.1.41538Palabras clave:
aprendizaje adaptativo, educación a distancia, enseñanza individualizada, inteligencia artificial, revisión sistemáticaResumen
La inteligencia artificial (IA) representa una oportunidad significativa para la personalización y adaptación de sistemas educativos en modalidad virtual. Los avances en IA se han aplicado principalmente en sistemas de tutoría inteligentes, modelos predictivos y personalización de recursos y estrategias de aprendizaje. Esta investigación, que consiste en una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada, se propuso analizar estudios sobre el uso de la IA en la personalización de los procesos de aprendizaje en educación a distancia. Se identificaron temas y niveles educativos de las iniciativas, principales resultados, tipos de datos utilizados, técnicas de modelado más recurrentes y percepciones sobre la implementación de la IA en educación virtual. Para esta investigación, se consultaron las bases de datos WoS, Scopus, Dialnet y SciELO, seleccionando 65 documentos publicados entre 2018 y 2023. Se observó que la IA se integra fuera del proceso de aprendizaje en iniciativas de apoyo extracurricular diseñadas a partir de modelos predictivos de éxito académico, así como dentro del currículo a través del desarrollo de sistemas de recomendación adaptativos que recomiendan recursos, materiales y rutas personalizadas de aprendizaje y/o retroalimentan de manera personalizada el proceso. Los usos exitosos de la IA en la educación virtual tienen el potencial de ser adaptados, según el objetivo perseguido, a diversas disciplinas, incluyendo la atención a necesidades educativas especiales (NEE), y a grupos de estudiantes de distintos niveles del sistema educativo, con una mayor concentración en la educación superior.
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