EMDR from Research: Mechanism of Action, Comparative Efficacy and Clinical Application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/rdp.v36i132.45971Keywords:
EMDR, PTSD, trauma, complex trauma, dissociation, mechanism of action, comparative efficacyAbstract
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is one of the most viable and effective psychological interventions for the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Although the consequences of traumatic events are not limited to PTSD, the definition of this pathology has led to the development of trauma-specific treatments, which are more beneficial in these conditions. This paper reviews the evolution of EMDR therapy, its neurobiological foundations, mechanisms of action, and comparative clinical evidence with other trauma-focused therapies such as exposure-based and trauma-focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Through the Adaptive Information Processing model, EMDR allows the reprocessing of traumatic memories stored in a dysfunctional way, facilitating their integration into adaptive memory networks. Recent findings in functional neuroimaging that support this model are analyzed, highlighting the role of the precuneus, the default network and limbic structures in neural reorganization during treatment. EMDR has shown comparable efficacy to other trauma approaches, with greater efficiency and a lower dropout rate. Its transdiagnostic efficacy in comorbid disorders such as depression, chronic pain, addictions, and obsessive-compulsive disorder is discussed. Further research that delves into the underlying mechanisms and clinical applications of EMDR as an integrative therapeutic tool is needed.
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