Fortalezas del carácter, características sociodemográficas y satisfacción con la vida en estudiantes mexicanos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.15.2.22207Palabras clave:
strengths, life satisfaction, Mexican adults.Resumen
The main purpose of this study was to identify the existing relationship between character strengths and life satisfaction, as well as some sociodemographic aspects related to gender differences. Both the Virtue and Strength Inventory (IVYF; Cosentino & Castro, 2008) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985) were administered to 343 undergraduate students whose primary major of study pertained to health professions. Results indicated that for women, love and gratitude are the strengths that explained 21.3 % of the variance regarding satisfaction with life, while love and social intelligence predicted 44.5 % of life satisfaction for men. Results are discussed under the light of cultural differences.
Descargas
Citas
Ahuvia, A. (2002). Individualism/collectivism and Cultures of Happiness: A Theoretical Conjecture on the Relationship between Consumption, Culture and Subjective Well-being at the National Level. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101568212
Boehm, J., Lyubomirsky, S., & Sheldon, K. (2011). A Longitudinal Experimental Study Comparing the Effectiveness of Happiness-Enhancing Strategies in Anglo Americans and Asian Americans. Cognition and Emotion, 25(7), 1263–1272. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2010.541227
Brdar, I. & Kashdan, T. (2009). Character Strengths and Well-being in Croatia: An Empirical Investigation of Structure and Correlates. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 151–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.12.001
Buchanan, K. & Bardi, A. (2010). Acts of Kindness and Acts of Novelty Affect Life Satisfaction. The Journal of Social Psychology, 150(3), 235–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540903365554
Buschor, C., Proyer, R., & Ruch, W. (2013). Self- and Peer-rated Character Strengths: How do they Relate to Satisfaction with Life and Orientations to Happiness? Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(2), 116–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.758305
Castro, A. & Consentino, A. (2016). The Relationships between Character Strengths and Life Fulfillment in the View of Lay-people in Argentina. Interdisciplinaria, 33(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.16888/interd.2016.33.1.4
Cosentino, A. (2009). Evaluación de las virtudes y fortalezas humanas en población de habla hispana [Assessment of of the Character Strengths and Virtues in Spanish-Speaking Population]. Psicodebate, Psicología, Cultura y Sociedad, 10, 53–71. https://doi.org/10.18682/pd.v10i0.388
Cosentino A. & Castro, A. (2008). Inventario de Virtudes y Fortalezas [Inventory of Virtues and Strengths]. Manuscrito inédito.
Dahlsgaard, K., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. (2005). Shared Virtue: The Convergence of Valued Human Strengths across Culture and History. Review of General Psychology, 9, 203–213. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.3.203
Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, R., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Eguiluz, L. & Plasencia, M. (2014). Las fortalezas humanas y la satisfacción con la vida [Human Strengths and Satisfaction with Life]. Psicoterapia y Familia, 27(1), 32–44.
Ferragut, M., Blanca, M., & Ortiz-Tallo, M. (2014). Psychological Virtues during Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study of Gender Differences. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11(5), 521–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2013.876403
Gradišek, P. (2012). Character Strengths and Life Satisfaction of Slovenian In-service and Pre-service Teachers. CEPS Journal, 2(3), 167–180. https://ojs.cepsj.si/index.php/cepsj/article/view/379
Heintz, S., Kramm, C., & Ruch, W. (2019). A Meta-analysis of Gender Differences in Character Strengths and Age, Nation, and Measure as Moderators. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(1),103–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1414297
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
Isaacowitz, D., Vaillant, G., & Seligman, M. (2003). Strengths and Satisfaction across the Adult Lifespan. International Journal of Ageing and Human Development, 57(2), 181–201. https://doi.org/10.2190/61EJ-LDYR-Q55N-UT6E
Kobau, R., Seligman, M. E., Peterson, C., Diener, E., Zack, M., Chapman, D., & Thompson, W. (2011). Mental Health Promotion in Public Health: Perspectives and Strategies from Positive Psychology. American Journal of Public Health, 101(8), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2010.300083
Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D., Stillman, T. F., & Dean, L. R. (2009). More Gratitude, Less Materialism: The Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760802216311
Martínez-Martí, M. (2006). El estudio científico de las fortalezas trascendentales desde la psicología positiva [The Scientific Study of the Transcendental Strengths from the Positive Psychology Perspective]. Clínica y Salud, 17(3), 245–258.
Martínez-Martí, M. & Ruch, W. (2014). Character Strengths and Well-being across the Lifespan: Data from a Representative Sample of German-speaking Adults Living in Switzerland. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01253
Padrós, F., Gutiérrez, C., & Medina, M. (2015). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) de Diener en población de Michoacán (México) [Psychometric Properties of Diener’s Scale of Satisfaction with Life (SWLS) in a Mexican Population]. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 33(2), 223–232. https://doi.org/10.12804/apl33.02.2015.04.
Park, N. & Huebner, E. (2005). A Cross-Cultural Study of the Levels and Correlates of Life Satisfaction among Adolescents. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 444–456. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022105275961
Park, N., Peterson, C., & Ruch, W. (2009) Orientations to Happiness and Life Satisfaction in Twenty-Seven Nations. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(4), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760902933690
Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. (2004). Strenghts of Character and Well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 603–619.
Pavot, W. & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 5, 164–172. https://doi.org/10.1037//10403590.5.2.164
Peterson, C. & Seligman, M. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues. A Handbook and Classification. New York: Oxford University Press.
Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Beermann, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M. (2007). Strengths of Character, Orientations to Happiness, and Life Satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(3), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228938
Porto, A. & Da-Fonseca, D. (2016). Asociaciones entre fortalezas del carácter y satisfacción con la vida: Un estudio con universitarios [Associations between Character Strengths and Life Satisfaction: A Study with College Students]. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 19(2), 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2016.19.2.5
Proyer, R., Gander, F., Wyss, T., & Ruch, W. (2011). The Relation of Character Strengths to Past, Present, and Future Life Satisfaction among German-Speaking Women. Applied Psychology: Health and well-being, 3(3), 370–384. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17580854.2011.01060.x
Reyes, S. & Ferragut, M. (2016). Fortalezas psicológicas y diferencias de sexo en adolescentes [Character Strenghts and Sex Differences in Adolescents]. Escritos de Psicología, 9(3), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.5231/psy.writ.2016.2811
Seligman, M. (2011). Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-being. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Seligman, M. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An Introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.5.
Seligman M., Steen, T., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive Psychology Progress: Empirical Validation of Intervention. American Psychology, 60(5), 410–421 https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410
Shimai, S., Otake, K., Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. (2006). Convergence of Character Strengths in American and Japanese Young Adults. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(3), 311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-3647-7
Vela, J., Scott, G., Ikonomopoulos, J., González, S., & Rodríguez, B. (2017) The Role of Character Strengths and Family Importance on Mexican American College Students’ Life Satisfaction. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 16(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192716628958
