La relevancia de la vivienda social en el origen de la arquitectura contemporánea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.16.2003.2405Abstract
Este artículo intenta poner de manifiesto el relevante papel que jugó la vivienda social en el origen de la arquitectura contemporánea de vanguardia durante los años de gestación de este movimiento en el paso del siglo XIX al XX, dentro del marco social y económico que configuró la segunda revolución industrial. El proceso descrito arranca en Inglaterra con el surgimiento de las utopías de Owen y Fourier, que desembocaron en el auge de las construcciones de ciudades y viviendas obreras promovidas no sólo por utópicos, sino también por industriales cercanos al socialismo y filántropos, y hacia finales del siglo XIX por los denominados higienistas. Las escasas realizaciones llevadas a cabo naufragaron la mayoría de las veces, pero su espíritu idealista supuso el cultivo del antiindustrial, conservador y socialista movimiento inglés del Arts and Crafts.
This paper tries to show the relevant role played by social housing in the origin of the contemporary architecture during the first years of beginning of this movement in the xxth century, inside the social and economic frame that formed the second industrial revolution. The described process starts in England with the emergence of Owen's and Fourier's utopias, which ended with the summit of the constructions of cities and working housings prometed notonly by Utopians, but aleo by manufacturers near to the socialism and philanthropists, and towards the ends of the xixth century by the hygienists. The few actions performed led to the failure the most of the times, but their idealistic spirit supposed the culture of the anti-manufacturer, consen/ative and socialistic English movement of the Arts and Crafts.
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