La figura del xilógrafo en las revistas ilustradas del siglo XIX
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.10.1997.2305Abstract
Hubo un cierto intervalo de tiempo en el siglo XIX, de 1840 a 1880 aproximadamente, en el que las condiciones técnicas y sociales propiciaron la aparición y el mantenimiento de un «arte menor», que involucró a dibujantes y grabadores: la ilustración de noticias en revistas de actualidad. En el artículo se pretende estudiar como la impresión barata y rápida de imágenes, tal como exigía este tipo de revistas, sólo se hizo posible mediante la técnica de xilografía a la testa, sobre duros tacos de boj cortado a contrafibra. Se enfatiza, por otra parte, la importancia del papel del xilógrafo en la estampa, y se estudia su trayectoria profesional, desde la singularidad de Thomas Bewick hasta la aparición del taller artesanal de los grandes semanarios, con su particular distribución del trabajo y variedad de instrumentos de grabación.
There was certain period of time in the XIX century, from about 1840 to 1880, when social and technical conditions led to the flourishing of a minor art that involved illustrators as well as engravers: pictuhng news in graphic magazines. This paper briefly examines how the cheap and fast printing of both pictures and type, as required by popular magazines, was only made possibte through the relief wood engraving process, which used hard woodbox blocks cut across the grain. The paper further emphasizes the role played by the xylographer in the graphic press. and studies his professional evolution, from the work of Thomas Bewick until the appearance of engraving workshops at the newsweekiies, with their particular way of assigning tasks, and their variety of tools to carve the wood.
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