Obstáculos en el tratamiento de los Trastornos Alimentarios: Propuestas para superarlos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33898/rdp.v31i115.352Palabras clave:
trastornos alimentarios, obstáculos, cronicidad, resistencia, comorbilidadResumen
Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) conforman un conjunto de cuadros complejos, en muchos casos discapacitantes y que tienden en un alto porcentaje a la cronicidad (Klump, Bulik, Kaye, Treasure y Tyson, 2009), con altas tasas de mortalidad y suicidio (Fichter y Quadflieg, 2016; Hoang, Goldacre y James, 2014). Diversas fuentes informan que en la actualidad contamos con suficiente evidencia de las pocas oportunidades en la mayoría de los pacientes con TCA para lograr una recuperación plena en sus tratamientos (Murray, 2019). Necesitamos mejorar nuestras intervenciones terapéuticas y un punto fundamental en esa dirección es conocer con más profundidad cuáles son los obstáculos que se presentan y cómo abordarlos.En el presente trabajo nos enfocaremos en barreras que son particularmente significativas durante el proceso de la intervención terapéutica: la cronicidad, que tiene fundamental importancia respecto de la naturaleza del trastorno y alimenta fuertemente las creencias negativas (no sólo del paciente) respecto a la expectativa de posibles logros terapéuticos; la elevada comorbilidad, que hace particularmente difícil en muchos casos la elaboración de un diagnóstico preciso y, por consiguiente, de un adecuado diseño de tratamiento; y la Resistencia que presenta un conjunto de mecanismos que dificultan los procesos de cambio.
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