Revisión de la Investigación de Eventos Significativos en Psicoterapia mediante Análisis de Tareas
Palabras clave:
Análisis de tareas, procesos en psicoterapia, cambio, formación en psicoterapiaResumen
El análisis de tareases un método de investigación de procesos y resultados en Psicoterapia propuesto por Greenberg (1975). Este método pretende a) comprobar si una técnica específica es eficaz para la resolución de un evento determinado intra-sesión, b) esclarecer los elementos y el proceso mediante los que esa intervención es eficaz, y c) evaluar en qué medida la resolución de ese evento contribuye al éxito final del tratamiento. Las intervenciones investigadas quedan descritas a un nivel de micro-procesos, lo que facilita mucho la formación de psicoterapeutas en la aplicación fiable de las mismas para la resoluciónen una amplia gama de eventos clave del proceso psicoterapéutico. Sin embargo, el conjunto de conocimientos generado mediante este método es de difícil acceso por su dispersión. OBJETIVO: Compilar y organizar los análisis de tareas realizados hasta ahora para facilitar el acceso a este recurso formativo y práctico en psicoterapia. MÉTODO: Revisión bibliográfica de los programas de investigación mediante análisis de tareas realizados hasta febrero de 2015. RESULTADOS: Se identifican treinta y siete líneas de investigación mediante análisis de tareas que se dan en diversos modelos y encuadres de psicoterapia. De ellos, solo nueve se han completado, pero veintiséis han generado modelos de intervención manualizados cuya eficacia cuenta con respaldo empírico. CONCLUSIONES: El análisis de tareas es un método de investigación en Psicoterapia muy costoso pero que genera un conocimiento sobre el proceso terapéutico que resulta valioso para la práctica y la formación en psicoterapia, incluso en el caso de aquellos análisis que no se han completado pero que sí han satisfecho la primera de sus dos fases, la fase de descubrimiento.
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