La percepción de los alumnos como indicador de inclusión educativa

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.30198

Palabras clave:

percepción de los alumnos, aceptación de iguales, técnicas sociométricas, inclusión, estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales, educacion primaria

Agencias Financiadoras:

Estudio aprobado por la Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Extremadura

Resumen

El principal objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la relación entre la percepción de los alumnos de sus centros educativos, en cuanto a centros inclusivos, y el estatus sociométrico de los mismos. Para ello se contó con una muestra de 881 alumnos pertenecientes a 43 aulas de primaria (de 6 a 12 años) de diferentes niveles educativos, entre los cuales se encontraban 98 alumnos con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo (11,12%), todos ellos escolarizados en centros educativos ordinarios de la región de Extremadura (España). Para analizar el estatus sociométrico se utilizó un cuestionario basado en el método de nominación de iguales y la asociación de atributos. Para valorar la percepción de los alumnos de sus centros educativos se utilizó el Cuestionario sobre el Punto de Vista de los Niños extraído del Index for Inclusion (Booth, Ainscow y Kingston, 2006). El estudio mostró que la percepción que tienen los alumnos de sus centros educativos, tanto si éstos tienen necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo como si no, está significativamente asociada a su estatus sociométrico, y más concretamente, al rechazo que reciben en sus clases por parte de sus iguales. También indicó que los estudiantes con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo se ven más apoyados por los profesores que por sus compañeros. Todo ello nos lleva a reflexionar sobre si las medidas organizativas que adoptan las escuelas para dar respuesta a las necesidades educativas puedan afectar a su inclusión. De ahí, la necesidad de evaluar periódicamente las estrategias de agrupamiento y la percepción de los alumnos de sus centros educativos.

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Publicado

2022-01-03

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Estudios