¿Cómo sobrevivir al doctorado? Un meta-análisis del éxito en doctorandos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.36566Palabras clave:
burnout, doctorado, estudiantes de doctorado, grupos de apoyo social, éxito, universidadesResumen
El doctorado es la llave para que los nuevos investigadores inicien su actividad científica. Este proceso ha implicado tradicionalmente una profunda soledad y el desarrollo de problemas que afectan a la salud de los doctorandos. El objetivo de la investigación fue realizar un meta-análisis para comprobar la influencia de determinadas variables sociodemográficas y personales en el abandono de estudios de doctorado. Tras una revisión de la literatura existente y de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la muestra total fue de 9 artículos, que contenían un total de 53 muestras y 32760 estudiantes de doctorado con una edad media de 29,80 años. Los principales resultados muestran que la permanencia en el programa de doctorado depende del género, la edad y de variables personales, siendo el apoyo social (apoyo familiar, apoyo institucional y autoestima) el que explica el 11% de la permanencia en el programa de doctorado, seguido de la autoestima, mientras que el burnout explica un porcentaje muy bajo del éxito (Tau2 = 0.40; I2 = 99.48; R2 = .03; p = .001). El modelo que mejor explica la permanencia en el doctorado parte del apoyo social. De esta forma, los estudiantes de doctorado demandan el apoyo de sus iguales, familia e institución, pudiendo ser nuestros resultados explicados por el rol tan importante que tiene el apoyo social como mediador de las consecuencias del estrés. Del mismo modo, el papel de la familia y el entorno más cercano no son los únicos elementos relevantes; las universidades, como organizaciones, también pueden favorecer un entorno adecuado, agradable y motivador a través de estilos de liderazgo democráticos y al promover actividades sociales que permitan a los estudiantes de doctorado establecer relaciones socioafectivas que les proporcionen bienestar emocional, una red de aprendizaje y sinergias.
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