The Study of Spiritual Intelligence II: An Instrument for Evaluating their Competence Performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.17.2.29528Keywords:
Spiritual Intelligence, Competency, Quantitative ResearchAbstract
This study is about the 1983 Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences (Gardner, 1983), in 2012 incorporates Spiritual Intelligence (SI or SQ) and demonstrates that it meets all the criteria that define each intelligence. The qualitative study of Spiritual Intelligence (IES) made it possible to determine its competences: consciousness, transcendence, love, forgiveness, freedom, pain-suffering, meaning, gratitude and effects. After such identification a 68 questions Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (SIQ) was built and validated with Spanish population with a sample of 528 participants. Results show the reliability and content, construct and criteria validity. Unidimensionality of the questionnaire was tested as well as his prediction capacity. The conclusions are important at the intervention level because they allow the identification of key competencies to evaluate and develop SI through programs applied in different educational, social, and business environments.
Downloads
References
Alonso, A. (2011). Pedagogía de la Interioridad [Pedagogy of Interiority]. Narcea.
Amram, Y. (2007, agosto). The Seven Dimensions of Spiritual Intelligence: An Ecumenical Grounded Theory. Paper presented at the 115th Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA. http://www.yosiamram.net/papers
Amran, Y. y Dryer, D. C. (2008). The Integrated Spiritual Intelligence Scale (ISIS): Development and Preliminary Validation. Paper presented at the 116th Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association, Boston.
Benedict-Montgomery, M. M. (2014). Our Spirits, Ourselves: The relationships between Spiritual Intelligence, Self-compassion, and Life Satisfaction [Tesis doctoral], Alliant International University, USA.
Cabero, J. y Llorente, M. C. (2013). La aplicación del juicio de experto como técnica de evaluación de las tecnologías de la información (TIC) [The Experts Judgment Application as a Technic Evaluate Information and Communication Technology (ICT)]. Revista de Tecnología de Información y Comunicación en Educación, 7(2), 11–22.
Cloninger, C. R. (2004). Feeling Good: The Science of Well‐Being. Oxford University Press.
Carlson, T. D., Kirkpatrick, D., Hecker, L. y Killmer, M. (2002). Religion, Spirituality, and Marriage and Family Therapy: A Study of Family Therapists' Beliefs about the Appropriateness of Addressing Religious and Spiritual Issues in Therapy. American Journal of Family Therapy, 30(2), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/019261802753573867
Chaktoura, E. (2015). Inteligencia espiritual: para atrevernos a vivir la vida que queremos. Grijalbo.
Connor, K. M. y Davidson, R. (2003). Development of a New Resilience Scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Day, C. (2006). Pasión por enseñar. La identidad personal y profesional del docente y sus valores. Narcea.
Draper, B. (2010). La Inteligencia Espiritual: un nuevo modo de ser. Sal Terrae.
Emmons, R. A. (2000). Spirituality and Intelligence: Problems and Prospects. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327582IJPR1001_6
Erickson, M. J., Hecker, L., Kirkpatrick, D., Killmer, M. y James, E. (2002). Clients' Perceptions of Marriage and Family Therapists Addressing the Religious and Spiritual Aspects of Clients' Lives: A Pilot Study. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 13(1-2), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1300/J085v13n01_06
Fernández‐Montalvo, J. y Echeburúa, E. (2008). Trastornos de personalidad y psicopatía en hombres condenados por violencia grave contra la pareja [Personality Disorders and Psychopathy in Men Convicted for Severe Intimate Partner Violence]. Psicothema, 20(2), 193–198.
Furnham, A. y Ward, C. (2001). Sex Differences, Test Experience and the Self‐estimation of Multiple Intelligences. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 30(2), 52–59.
Gómez, I. (2014). Educar la inteligencia espiritual. Recursos para la clase de Religión. Khaf.
González, P. (2009). Reflexiones en torno a la competencia espiritual: la dimensión espiritual y religiosa en el contexto de las Competencias Básicas Educativas. Escuelas Católicas.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. y Black, W. C. (2007). Análisis multivariante [Multivariate Analysis]. Pearson.
Hofmann, L., y Walach, H. (2011). Spirituality and Religiosity in Psychotherapy. A Representative survey among German psychotherapists. Psychotherapy Research, 21(2), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2010.536595
Jahani (2010). The Relationship between Self efficacy and Irrational Beliefs with General Health among University Students of Imam Khomeini University. International University of Imam Khomeini.
Jung Y. H., Ha T. M., Oh C. Y., Lee U. S., Jang J. H., Kim J., Park J. O. y Kang D. H. (2016). The Effects of an Online Mind-Body Training Program on Stress, Coping Strategies, Emotional Intelligence, Resilience and Psychological State. PLoS ONE, 11(8), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159841
Keshavarzi, S. y Yousefi, F. (2012). The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Spiritual Intelligence, and Resilience. Journal of Psychology, 16(3), 299–318.
King, D. B. (2008). Rethinking Claims of Spiritual Intelligence: A definition, Model, and Measure [Tesis de Máster], Trent University, Canada.
King, D. B. y DeCicco, T. L. (2009). A Viable Model and Self‐report Measure of Spiritual Intelligence. International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 28(1), 68–85.
Kohls, N. y Walach, H. (2007). Psychological Distress, Experiences of Ego Loss and Spirituality: Exploring the Effects of Spiritual Practice. Social Behavior and Personality, 35(10), 1301–1316 https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.10.1301
Kohls, N. Walach, H. y Wirtz, M. (2009). The Relationship between Spiritual Experiences, Transpersonal Trust, Social Support, and Sense of Coherence and Mental Distress—A Comparison of Spiritually Practising and Non-Practising Samples. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 12(1), 1–23.
Lima Rodríguez, J. S., Lima Serrano, M., Jiménez Picón, N. y Domínguez Sánchez, I. (2012). Consistencia interna y validez de un cuestionario para medir la autopercepción del estado de salud familiar [Reliability and Construct Validity of an Instrument to Asses the Self-perception of Family Health Status]. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 86(5), 509–521.
MacGilchrist, B., Reed, J. y Myers, K. (2004). The Intelligent School. Sage.
Magaldi-Dopman, D., Park-Taylor, J. y Ponterotto, J. G. (2011). Psychotherapists' Spiritual, Religious, Atheist or Agnostic Identity and their Practice of Psychotherapy: A Grounded Theory Study. Psychotherapy Research, 21(3), 286–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2011.565488.
Martín-Sánchez, A., Rodríguez-Zafra, M. y Ceniceros-Estévez, J. C. (2020). Definición y Competencias de la Inteligencia Espiritual. Estudio Cualitativo [Definition and Competences of Spiritual Intelligence. Qualitative Study]. Acción Psicológica, 17(2), 83–102. https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.17.2.29527
Martínez-Arias, R. Castellanos, M.A. y Chacón, J.C. (2014). Métodos de Investigación en Psicología [Research Methods in Psychology]. EOS.
Maxim, M. (2008). Spiritual Intelligence in Executive Coaching. Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring. Special Issue 4, October.
Narayanan, A. y Jose, T. P. (2011). Spiritual intelligence and resilience among Christian youth in Kerala. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 37(2), 263–268.
Neto, F. y Furnham, A. (2011) Sex Differences in Parents' Estimations of their Own and their Children's Multiple Intelligences: A Portuguese Replication. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14 (1), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n1.8
Noble, K. D. (2000). Spiritual Intelligence: A New Frame of Mind. Advanced Development Journal, 9, 1–29.
Olson, L. G. (2008). An Investigation of Factors that Influence Academic Achievement in Christian Higher Education: Emotional Intelligence, Self‐esteem, and Spiritual Well‐being [Tesis doctoral], Capella University, USA.
Pesut, B., Fowler M., Taylor E. J, Reimer-Kirkham, S. y Sawatzky R. (2008). Conceptualising Spirituality and Religion for Healthcare. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(21), 2803–2810. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02344.x
Peterson, C., y Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Classification and Handbook. Oxford University Press.
Prieto-Ursúa, M., Galán, M. J. C., de Gregorio, V. C., Gismero, E., González, M., y San Roque, I. M. (2012). El Perdón como Herramienta Clínica en Terapia Individual y de Pareja [Clinical Use of Forgiveness in Individual and Marital Therapy]. Clínica, 3(2), 121–134.
Ronel, N. (2008). The Experience of Spiritual Intelligence. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 40(1), 100–119.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton University Press.
Serrano-Parra, M. D., Garrido-Abejar, M., Notario-Pacheco, B., Bartolomé-Gutiérrez, R., Solera-Martínez, M., y Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2013). Validez de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor-Davidson (10 ítems) en una población de mayores no institucionalizados [Validity of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10 items) in a Population of Elderly]. Enfermería Clínica, 23(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2012.11.006
Sisk, D. A. y Torrance, E. P. (2002). Spiritual Intelligence: Developing Higher Consciousnesses. Creative Education Foundation Press.
Sisk, D. (2008). Engaging the Spiritual Intelligence of Gifted Students to Build Global Awareness in the Classroom. Roeper Review A Journal on Gifted Education, 30(1), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.10800278319070
Stockstill, D. B. (2000). Intelligence and Faith in Adolescents: A Study of the Relationship between Multiple Intelligences and Faith Formation during Adolescence [Tesis doctoral], The Union Institute, USA.
Torralba, F. (2010). Inteligencia Espiritual [Spiritual Intelligence]. Plataforma.
Vázquez, J. L. (2012). Contemplación e Inteligencia Espiritual [Contemplation and Spiritual Intelligence]. Imprenta Kadmos.
Vaughan, F. (2002). What is Spiritual Intelligence? Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 42(2), 16–33.
Villafranca, E. (2016). La Responsabilidad Social, Producto de Nuestra Inteligencia Espiritual: Lecciones aprendidas para crear negocios sostenibles. Jonathan Sibaja Rodríguez.
Wigglesworth, C. (2013a). Las 21 aptitudes de la inteligencia espiritual: un paso más allá de la inteligencia emocional. Grijalbo.
Wigglesworth, C. (2013b). Spiritual Intelligence. En J. Neal (Ed.), Handbook of Faith and Spirituality in the Workplace: Emerging Research and Practice (pp. 441–453). Springer.
Wolman, R. N. (2001). Inteligência espiritual [Spiritual Intelligence]. Ediouro.
Zohar, D. y Marshall, I. (2000). Inteligencia Espiritual [Spiritual Intelligence]. Plaza & Janes.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Faculty of Psychology. Applied Psychology Service (UNED)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Accion Psicologica is published under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial (CC BY-NC). The opinions and contents of the articles published in Acción Psicológica are responsibility of the authors and do not compromise the scientific and political opinion of the journal. Authors are also responsible for providing copies of the raw data, ratings, and, in general, relevant experimental material to interested readers.
