El panóptico de Bentham en los proyectos de la Academia (1814-1844)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/etfvii.13.2000.2362Abstract
En este artículo se estudian los proyectos arquitectónicos sobre cárceles, conservados en la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando en Madrid, que siguen el modelo de panóptico diseñado por el inglés Bentham. Fueron realizados por algunos de los pretendientes a los títulos de arquitectos y de maestros de obras. Formaban parte de las llamadas pruebas de pensado, que era el examen previo a la prueba de repente. Se proyectaron durante la primera mitad del siglo xix. Constituyen un grupo destacado de un conjunto de proyectos, que siguen modelos distintos: tradicionales de planta rectangular a modo de palacios fortificados, novedosos como la cárcel de Gante y el penal de Filadelfia... El artículo se introduce con el estudio de los principales modelos internacionales de cárceles, realizados durante la época de la Ilustración, que eran conocidos en España.
In this paper the architectonic projects about prisons which have been preserved in the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Madrid and which follow the panoptic model designad by Bentham are described. The se projects were realised by some of the applicants to the degrees of archjtects and master builders. The projects were part of the «pruebas de pensado» which was a previous exam to the «prueba de repente». These projects were realised in the first half of the xix century. They are a remarkable group of projects in a set of projects that follow distinct models such as, traditional rectangular ground plants like the fortificated palaces, novel models like the prison of Gante and Philadelphia, etc.. The paper starts with the study of the main International prison models which were realised in the Enlightenment and which were known in Spain.
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