Conciencia plena (mindfulness) y psicoterapia: concepto, evaluación y aplicaciones clínicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33898/rdp.v17i66/67.907Palabras clave:
conciencia plena, psicoterapia, mecanismos de acción, evaluación, MBSR, MBCT, DBT, ACT, BRT, aplicaciones clínicasResumen
El concepto de conciencia plena (Mindfulness) que ha emergido recientemente en el ámbito anglosajón remite a un estado particular de conciencia promovido por las técnicas meditativas orientales. En este artículo se revisan las conceptualizaciones teóricas de la conciencia plena en el ámbito de la psicoterapia atendiendo a sus componentes, instrumentos de evaluación y mecanismos de acción. Se resumen también las características generales de cinco enfoques psicoterapéuticos que incorporan la conciencia plena: la Reducción de Estrés Basada en la Conciencia Plena (MBSR), la Terapia Cognitiva Basada en la Conciencia Plena (MBCT), la Terapia Dialéctica Conductual (DBT), la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) y la Terapia Breve Relacional (BRT). Finalmente, se detallan las aplicaciones clínicas de estos enfoques.
Descargas
Citas
Abercrombie, P.D., Zamora, A., & Korn, A. P. (2007). Lessons learned: providing a mindfulness-based stress reduction program for low-income multiethnic women with abnormal pap smears. Holistic Nursing Practice, 21(1), 26-34.
Assagioli, R. (1965). Psychosynthesis: a manual of principles and techniques. New York: Hobss & Dorman.
Astin, J.A., Berman, B.M., Bausell, B., Lee, W.L., Hochberg, M., & Forys, K.L. (2003). The efficacy of mindfulness meditation plus qigong movement therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of Rheumatology, 30(10), 2257-2262.
Bach, P., & Hayes S.C. (2002). The use of acceptance and commitment therapy to prevent the rehospitalization of psychotic patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(5), 1129-1139.
Baer, R.A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice. 10(2), 125-143.
Baer, R.A., Smith, G.T., & Allen, K.B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report. The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191-206.
Baer, R.A., Smith, G.T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.
Bedard, M., Felteau, M., Mazmanian, D., Fedyk, K., Klein, R., Richardson, J., Parkinson, W., & Minthorn-Biggs, W. (2003). Pilot evaluation of a mindfulness-based intervention to improve quality of life among individuals who sustained traumatic brain injuries. Disability and Rehabilitation, 25(13), 722-731.
Bedard, M., Felteau, M., Gibbons, C., Klein, R., Mazmanian, D., Fedyk, K., & Mack, G. (2005). A mindfulness-based intervention to improve quality of life among individuals who sustained traumatic brain injuries: one-yar follow-up. The Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, 23(1), 8-13.
Ben Porath, D.D., Peterson, G.A., & Smee, J. (2004). Treatment of individuals with borderline personality disorder using Dialectical Behavior Therapy in a community mental health setting: clinical application and a preliminary investigation. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 11(4), 424-434.
Birnbaum, L., & Birnbaum, A. (2004). In search of inner wisdom: guided mindfulness meditation in the context of suicide. The Scientific World Journal, 4, 216-227.
Bishop, S.R. (2002). What do we really know about Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction? Psychosomatic Medicine, 64(1), 35-43.
Bishop, S.R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11 (3), 230-241.
Blackledge, J.T., & Hayes, S.C. (2006). Using Acceptance and Commitment Training in the Support of Parents of Children Diagnosed with Autism. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 28(1), 1-18.
Bohus, M., Haaf, B., Stiglmayr, C., Pohl, U., Böhme, R., & Linehan, M. (2000). Evaluation of inpatient Dialectical-Behavioral Therapy for borderline personality disorder–a prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 875-887.
Bond, F.W., & Bunce, D. (2000). Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 5(1), 156-63.
Brown, K.W., & Ryan, R.M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848.
Brown, K.W., & Ryan, R.M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 242-248.
Buchheld, N., Grossman, P., & Walach, H. (2001). Measuring mindfulness in insight meditation (Vipassana) and meditation-based psychotherapy: The development of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Journal of Meditation and Meditation Research, 1, 11-34.
Cardaciotto, L.A. (2005). Assessing mindfulness: The development of a bi-dimensional measure of awareness and acceptance. Tesis Doctoral no publicada presentada en la Universidad de Drexel.
Carlson, L., & Garland, S.N. (2005). Impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on sleep, mood, stress and fatigue symptoms in cancer outpatients. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12(4), 278-285.
Carlson, L., Speca, M., Patel, K.D., & Goodey, E. (2003). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress, and immune parameters in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 571-581.
Carlson, L., Speca, M., Patel, K.D., & Goodey, E. (2004). Mindfulness-Based Stress reduction to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress and levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and melatonin in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 448-474.
Carlson, L., Ursuliak, Z., Goodey, E. Angen, M., & Speca, M. (2001). The effects of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients: 6-month follow-up. Support Care Cancer, 9, 112-123.
Carson, J. W., Carson, K. M., Gil, K. M. Y Baucom, D.H. (2004). Mindfulnees-Based relationship enhancement. Behavior Therapy, 35, 471-494.
Carmody, J., Crawford, S., & Churchill, L. (2006). A pilot study of mindfulness-based stress reduction for hot flashes. Menopause, 13(5), 760-769.
Cohen-Katz, J., Wiley, S.D., Capuano, T., Baker, D.M., Kimmel, S., & Shapiro S. (2005). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on nurse stress and burnout, Part II: A quantitative and qualitative study. Holistic Nursing Practice, 19(1), 26-35.
Chang, V.Y., Palesh, O., Caldwell, R., Glasgow, N., Abramson, M., Luskin, F., Gill, M., Burke, A., & Koopman, C. (2004). The effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program on stress, mindfulness self-efficacy, and positive states of mind. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigagion of Stress, 20(3), 141-147.
Dahl, J., Wilson, K.G., & Nilsson, A. (2004). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the treatment of persons at risk for long-term disability resulting from stress and pain symptoms: a preliminary randomized trial. Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 785-801.
Davidson, R.J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkranz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S. F., Urbanowski, F., Harrington, A., Bonus, K., & Sheridan, J.F. (2003). Alterations in brain immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 564-570.
Davis, J.M, Fleming, M.F., Bonus, K.A., & Baker, T.B. (2007). A pilot study on mindfulness-based stress reduction for smokers. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 7, 2.
Deshimaru, T. (1982). Preguntas a un maestro zen. Barcelona: Kairós.
Dumoulin, H. (2002). Zen: el camino de la iluminación en el Budismo. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer.
Evershed, S., Tennant, A., Boomer, D., Rees, A., Barkham, M., & Watson, A. (2003). Practice based outcomes of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) targeting anger and violence, with male forensic patients: a pragmatic and non-contemporaneous comparison. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 13, 198-213.
Feixas, G., y Botella, L. (2004) Integración en psicoterapia: Reflexiones y contribuciones desde la epistemología constructivista. En H. Fernández-Alvarez y R. Opazo (Comps.), La integración en psicoterapia: Manual práctico (pp. 33-67). Barcelona: Paidós.
Fernández García, R., Secades, R., Terrados, N., García Cueto, E. y García Montes, J.M. (2004). Efecto de la hipnosis y la terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT) en la mejora de la fuerza física en piragüistas. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 4(3), 481-493.
Fromm, E. (1960). Zen Buddhism and Psychoanalysis. New York: Harper & Row.
Gadamer, H.G. (1960). Truth and method (trans. and ed. G. Barden & J. Cumming). New York: Seabury Press.
Gaudiano, B.A., & Herbert, J.D. (2006). Acute treatment of inpatients with psychotic symptoms using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: pilot results. Behaviour Research And Therapy, 44(3), 415-437.
Gifford, E.V., Kohlenberg, B.S., Hayes, S.C., Antonuccio, D.O., Piasecki, M.M., Rasmussenhall, M.L., & Palm, K.M. (2004). Acceptance-Based Treatment for Smoking Cessation. Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 689-705.
Gillani, N., Smith, J.C. (2001). Zen meditation and ABC relaxation theory: An exploration of relaxation states, beliefs, dispositions, and motivations. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(6), 839-846.
Goldenberg, D.L., Kaplan, K.H. Nadeau, M.G., Brodeur, C., Smith, S., & Schmid, C.H. (1994). A controlled study of a stress-reduction, cognitive-behavioral treatment program in fibromyalgia. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain, 2, 53-66.
Gregg, J.A., Callaghan, G.M.; Hayes, S.C & Glenn-Lawson, J.L. (2007). Improving diabetes self-management through acceptance, mindfulness, and values: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75 (2), 336-43.
Gross, C.R., Kreitzer, M.J., Russas, V., Treesak, C., Frazier, P., & Hertz, M. I. (2004). Mindfulness Meditation to reduce symptoms after organ transplant: a pilot study. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine, 20(2), 20-29.
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits. A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 35-43.
Hanh, T.N. (1976). Miracle of mindfulness. Boston: Beacon.
Hayes, S. C. (1994). Content, context, and the types of psychological acceptance. In S. C. Hayes, N. S. Jacobson, V. M. Follette, & M. J. Dougher (Eds.), Acceptance and change: content and context in psychotherapy (p.p. 13-32). Reno, NV: Context Press.
Hayes, S.C. (1996). Acceptance and action questionnaire. [http//www. contextualpsychology. org]. (consultado 31/08/07).
Hayes, S.C. (2002a). Buddhism and acceptance and commitment therapy. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9(1), 58-66.
Hayes, S.C. (2002b). Acceptance, mindfulness, and science. Clinical Psychology. Science and Practice, 9(1), 101-106.
Hayes, S.C. (2004). Acceptance & Commitment Therapy, Relational Frame Theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 58-66.
Hayes, S.C. (2005). Fellow Travelers. [http://www.contextualpsychology.org/fellow_ travelers] (consultado 14/09/07)
Hayes, S.C., Bissett, R., Roget, N., Padilla, M., Kohlengerg, B. S., Fisher, G. et al. (2004). The impact of acceptance and commitment training on stigmatizing attitudes and professional burnout of substance abuse counselors. Behavior Therapy, 35, 821-836.
Hayes, S.C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44 (1), 1-25.
Hayes, S.C., Pankey, J., & Gregg, J. (2002). Acceptance and commitment therapy. In Robert A. DiTomasso & Elizabeth A. Gosch (Eds.), Comparative treatments for anxiety disorders (pp. 110-136). New York: Springer Publishing Co.
Hayes, S.C., & Shenk, C. (2004). Operationalizing mindfulness without unnecessary attachments. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 249-254.
Hayes, S.C., Stroshal, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. New York: Guilford Press.
Hayes, S.C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Bissett, R., Piasecki, M., Batten, S. V., Byrd, M., & Gregg, J. (2004). A preliminary trial of twelve-step facilitation and acceptance and commitment therapy with polysubstance-abusing methadone-maintained opiate addicts. Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 667-688.
Hill, C.R., & Safran, J.D. (1994). Assessing interpersonal schemas: anticipated responses of significant others. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 13(4), 366-379.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4, 33–47.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living. How to cope with stress, pain and illnes using mindfulness meditation. New York: Piadkus.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hiperion.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144-156.
Kabat-Zinn, J., Lipworth, L., & Burney, R. (1985). The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 8, 163–190.
Kabat-Zinn, J., Lipworth, L., Burney, R., & Sellers, W. (1987). Four-year follow-up of a meditationbased program for the self-regulation of chronic pain: Treatment outcomes and compliance. Clinical Journal of Pain, 2, 159–173.
Kabat-Zinn, J., Massion, M.D., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L.G., Fletcher, K.E. Pbert, L. et al. (1992). Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 936-943.
Kabat-Zinn, J., Wheeler, E., Light, T., Skillings, A., Scharf, M.J., Cropley, T.G., Hosmer, D., & Bernhard, J.D. (1998). Influence of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention on rates of skin clearing in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis undergoing phototherapy (UVB) and photochemotherapy (PUVA). Psychosomatic Medicine, 60(5), 625-632.
Katz, L.Y., Cox, B.J., Gunasekara, S., & Miller, A.L. (2004). Feasibility of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for suicidal adolescent inpatients. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(3), 276-282.
Koons, C.R., Robins, C.J., Tweed, J.L., Lynch, T.R., Gonzalez, A.M., Morse, J.Q., Bishop, G.K., Butterfield, M.I., & Bastina, L.A. (2001). Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy in women veterans with borderline personality disorder. Behavior Therapy, 32(2), 371-390.
Kutz, I. (1985). Meditation as an adjunct to psychotherapy: An outcome study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 43(4), 209-218.
Kristeller, J.L., & Hallett, C.B. (1999). An exploratory study of a meditation-based intervention for binge eating disorder. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 357-363.
Langer, E. (1992). Matters of the mind: mindfulness/mindlessness in perspective. Consciousness and Cognition, 1, 289-305.
Lappalainen, R., Lehtonen, T., Skarp, E., Taubert, E., Ojanen, M., & Hayes, S.C. (2007). The impact of CBT and ACT models using psychology trainee therapists: a preliminary controlled effectiveness trial. Behavior Modification, 31(4), 488-511.
Lau, M., Bishop, S., Segal, Z., Buis, T., Anderson, N., Carlson, L. et al. (2006). The Toronto Mindfulness Scale: development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(12), 1445-1467.
Lillis, J., & Hayes, S.C. (2007). Applying acceptance, mindfulness, and values to the reduction of prejudice: a pilot study. Behavior Modification, 31(4), 389-411.
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford.
Linehan, M.M., Armstrong, H. E., Suarez, A., Allmon, D., & Heard, H.L. (1991). Cognitive behavioral treatment of chronically parasuicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 1060-1064.
Linehan, M.M., Comtois, K.A., Murray, A. M., Brown, M.Z., Gallop, R.J., Heard, H.L., Korslund, K.E., Tutek, D.A., Reynolds, S.K., & Lindenboim, N. (2006). Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behavior and borderline personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry [Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63(7), 757-66.
Linehan, M.M., Dimeff, L.A., Reynolds, S.K., Comtois, K.A., Welch, S.S., Heagerty, P., Kivlahan, D.R. (2002). Dialectical behavior therapy versus comprehensive validation plus 12-step for the treatment of opioid dependent women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 67(1), 13-26.
Linehan, M.M., Heard, H.L., Armstrong, H.E. (1993). Naturalistic follow-up of a behavioral treatment for chronically parasuicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 971-974.
Linehan, M.M., Schmidt, H., Dimeff, L.A, Craft, J.C., Kanter, J., & Comptois, K.A. (1999). Dialectical Behavior Therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder and Drug-dependence. The American Journal on Addictions, 8, 279-292.
Linehan, M.M., Tutek, D.A., Heard, H.L., Armstrong, H. E. (1994). Interpersonal outcome of cognitive behavioral treatment for chronically suicidal borderline patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1771-1776.
Lundgren, T., Dahl, J., Melin, L., & Kies, B. (2006). Evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for drug refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial in South Africa--a pilot study. Epilepsia, 47 (12), 2173-9.
Lynch, T.R., Morse J.Q., Mendelson, T., Robins, C.J. (2003). Dialectical Behavior Therapy for depressed older adults. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 33-45.
Lynch, T.R., Chapman, A., Rosenthal, M.Z., Kuo, J.R., & Linehan, M.M. (2006). Mechanisms of change in dialectical behavior therapy: Theoretical and empirical observations. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(4), 459-480.
Lynch, T.R., Cheavens J.S., Cukrowicz, K.C., Thorp, S.R., Bronner, L., & Beyer, J. (2007). Treatment of older adults with co-morbid personality disorder and depression: a dialectical behavior therapy approach. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(2), 131-143.
Lynch, T.R., Morse, J.Q., Mendelson, T., & Robins, C.J. (2003). Dialectical behavior therapy for depressed older adults: A randomized pilot study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11(1), 33-45.
Ma, S.H., & Teasdale, J.D. (2004). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for depression: replication and exploration of differential relapse prevention effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(1), 31-40.
McMillan, T., Robertson, I.H., Brock, D., & Chorlton, L. (2002). Brief mindfulness training for attentional problems after traumatic brain injury: a randomised control treatment trial. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 12(2), 117-125.
Mcquillan, A., Nicastro, R. Guenot, F., Girard, M., Lissner, C., & Ferrero, F. (2005). Intensive Dialectical Behavior Therapy for outpatients with borderline personality disorder who are in crisis. Psychiatric Services, 56(2), 193-197.
Marcus, M.T., Fine, M., Moeller, F.G., Khan, M.M., Pitts, K., Swank, P.R., & Liehr, P. (2003). Change in stress levels following Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in a therapeutic community. Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment, 2(3), 63-68.
Marlatt, G.A. (1994). Addiction, mindfulness, and acceptance. In S.C. Hayes, N.S. Jacobson, V.M. Follette, & M.J. Dougher (Eds.), Acceptance and change: Content and context in psychotherapy (p.p. 175-197). Reno, NV: Context Press.
Michalon, M. (2001). “Selflessness” in the service of the ego: contributions, limitations and dangers of Buddhist psychology for western psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 55(2), 202-218.
Murgatroyd, W. (2001). The Buddhist spiritual path: A counselor’s reflection on meditation, spirituality, and the nature of life. Counseling and Values, 45(2), 94-102.
Miller, J., Fletcher, K., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (1995). Three-year follow-up and clinical implications of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17(3), 192-200.
Minor, H.G., Carlson, L.E., Mackenzie, M.J., Zernicke, K., & Jones, L. (2006). Evaluation of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program for caregivers of children with chronic conditions. Social Work In Health Care, 43(1), 91-109.
Muran, J.C. (2002). A relational approach to understanding change: plurality and contextualism in a psychotherapy research program. Psychotherapy Research, 12(2), 113-138.
Muran, J.C., Segal, Z.V., Samstag, L.W., & Crawford, C.E. (1994). Patient pretreatment interpersonal problems and therapeutic alliance in short-term cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(1), 185-190.
Muran, J.C., & Safran, J.D. (1995). Linking in-session change to overall outcome in short-term cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(4), 651-657.
Napoli, M., Krech, P.R., & Holley, L.C. (2005). Mindfulness training for elementary school students: the attention academy. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 21(1), 99-125.
Nelson-Gray, R.O., Keane, S.P., Hurst, R.M., Mitchell, J.T.; Warburton, J.B., Chok, J.T., & Cobb, A.R. (2006). A modified DBT skills training program for oppositional defiant adolescents: promising preliminary findings. Behaviour Research And Therapy, 44 (12), 1811-1820.
Ossman, W.A., Wilson, K.G., Storaasli, R.D., & Mcneill, J.W. (2006). A preliminary investigation of the use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in a group treatment for social phobia. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 6(3), 2006. 397-416.
Pérez Vega, M.A (2006). Revisión conceptual y empírica de los enfoques psicoterapéuticos basados en la conciencia plena (Mindfulness). Tesina no publicada, presentada en la FPCEE. Blanquerna de la Universidad Ramon Llull de Barcelona.
Plews-Ogan, M., Owens, J.E., Goodman, M., Wolfe, P., & Schorling, J. (2005). A pilot study evaluating mindfulness-based stress reduction and massage for the management of chronic pain. Journal of General Internal Medicine: Official Journal of the Society for Research and Education in Primary Care Internal Medicine, 20(12), 1136-1138.
Ramel, W., Goldin, P.R., Carmona, P.E., & McQuaid, J.R. (2004). The effects of Mindfulness meditation on cognitive processes and affect in patients with past depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28(4), 433-455.
Randolph, P.D., Caldera, Y.M., Tacone, A.M., & Greak, M.L. (1999). The long-term combined effects of medical treatment and a mindfulness-based behavioral program for the multidisciplinary management of chronic pain in west Texas. Pain Digest, 9, 103–112.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E.L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–78.
Rathus, J.H., & Miller, A.L. (2002). Dialectical Behavior Therapy adapted for suicidal adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 32(2), 146-157.
Reibel, D.K., Greeson, J.M., Brainard, G.C., & Rosenzweig, S. (2001). Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction and health-related quality of life in a heterogeneous patient population. General Hospital Psychiatry, 23, 183-192.
Robins, C.J. (2002). Zen principles and mindfulness practice in dialectical behavior therapy. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9(1), 50-57.
Robinson, F.P., Mathews, H. L., & Witek-Janusek, L. (2003). Psycho-endocrine-immune response to Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: a quasiexperimental study. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 9(5), 683-694.
Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. (2002). Expanding our conceptualization of and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: integrating mindfulness/acceptance-based approaches with existing cognitive-behavioral models. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 54-68.
Rosenzweig, S., Reibel, D.K., Greeson, J.M., & Brainard, G. C. (2003). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction lowers psychologicall distress in medical students. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 15(2), 88-92.
Roth, B., & Robbins, D. (2004). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and health-related quality of life: findings from a bilingual inner-city patient population. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 113-123.
Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.
Sagula, D., & Rice, K.G. (2004). The effectiveness of Mindfulness training on the grieving process and emotional well-being of chronic pain patients. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 11(4), 333-341.
Safer, D.L., Telch, C.F., & Agras, W. S. (2001). Dialectical Behavior Therapy for bulimia nervosa. American Journal Psychiatry, 158(4), 632-634.
Safran, J.D. (1998). Widening the scope of cognitive therapy. Northvale, NJ: Aronson.
Safran, J.D., Muran, J. C. (1996). The resolution of ruptures in the therapeutic alliance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(3), 447-458.
Safran, J.D. y Muran, J.C. (2005). La alianza terapéutica. Una guía para el tratamiento relacional. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer.
Safran, J.D., Muran, J. C., Samstag, L. W., & Winston, A. (2005). Evaluating alliance-focused intervention for potential treatment failures: a feasibility study and descriptive analysis. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42(4), 512-531.
Segal, V.Z., Teasdale, J.D., & Williams, M.G. (2004). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: theoretical rationale and empirical status. In Steven C. Hayes, Victoria M. Follete & Marsha M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance (pp. 45-65). New York: Guilford Press.
Segal, V.Z., Williams, M.G., & Teasdale, J.D. (2002). Minduflness-Based Cognitive Therapy for depression. A new approach to preventive relapse. New York: Guilford Press.
Sephton, S.E., Salmon, P., Weissbecker, I., Ulmer, C., Floyd, A., Hoover, K., & Studts, J.L. (2007). Mindfulness meditation alleviates depressive symptoms in women with fibromyalgia: results of a randomized clinical trial. Arthritis And Rheumatism, 5 (1), 77-85.
Shapiro, D.H. (1992). A preliminary study of long-term meditators: goals, effects, religious orientation, cognitions. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 24(1), 23-39.
Shapiro, S.L., Astin, J.A., Bishop, S.R., & Cordova, M. (2005). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Health Care Professionals: Results From a Randomized Trial. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(2), 164-176.
Shapiro, S.L., Bootzin, R.R., Figueredo, A.J., Lopez, A.M., & Schwartz, G.E. (2003). The efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction in the treatment of sleep disturbance in women with breast cancer: an exploratory study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 54(1), 85-91.
Shapiro, S.L., Carlson, L., Astin, J.A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 62(3), 373-386.
Shapiro, S.L, Schwartz, G.E., & Bonner, G. (1998). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on medical and premedical students. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(6), 581-599.
Soygüt, G., & Safran, J.D. (2001a). The relationship between interpersonal schemas and personality characteristics. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 15(2), 99-108.
Soygüt, G., & Safran, J.D. (2001b). The relationship between patient pre-treatment interpersonal schemas and therapeutic alliance in short-term cognitive therapy. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 15(1), 59-66.
Speca, M., Carlson, L., Goodey, E., & Angen, M. (2000). A randomized, wait-list controlled clinical trial: the effect of a Mindfulness Meditation-Based Stress Reduction Program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62, 613-622.
Surawy, C., Roberts, J., & Silver, A. (2005). The effect of mindfulness training on mood and measures of fatigue, activity, and quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome on a hospital waiting list: a series of exploratory studies. Behavioral and cognitive psychotherapy, 33, 103-109.
Suzuki, D.T. (1976). Manual of Zen Buddhism. New York: Grove Press.
Tacon, A., McComb, J., Caldera, Y.M., & Randolfh, P. (2003). Mindfulness meditation, anxiety reduction, and heart disease: a pilot study. Family and Community Health, 26(1), 25-33.
Tacon, A., Caldera, Y.M., & Ronaghan, C. (2004). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in women with breast cancer. Families, Systems & Health, Vol. 22(2), 193-203.
Teasdale, J.D., Segal, Z.V., & Williams, J.M. (2003). Mindfulness training and problem formulation. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 157-160.
Teasdale, J.D., Segal, Z.V., Williams, J.M., Ridgeway, V.A., Soulsby, J.M., & Lau, M.A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 615-623.
Telch, C.F & Agras, W. S. (2001). Dialectical Behavior Therapy for binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(6), 1061-1065.
Turner, R. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy-oriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7, 413-419.
Trupin, E.W, Stewart, D.G., Beach, B., & Boesky, L. (2002). Effectiveness of a Dialectical Behaviour Therapy program for incarcerated female juvenile offenders. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 7(3) 121-127.
Twohig, M.P., Hayes, S.C., & Masuda, A. (2005). A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for chronic skin picking. Behaviour Research And Therapy, 44(10), 1513-1522.
Twohig, M.P., Hayes, S.C., & Masuda, A. (2006). Increasing willingness to experience obsessions: acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavior Therapy, 37(1), 3-13.
Twohig, M.P., & Woods, D.W. (2004). A Preliminary Investigation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Habit Reversal as a Treatment for Trichotillomania. Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 803-820.
Van Den Bosch, L.M.C., Koeter, M.W.J., Stijnen, T., Verheul, R., & Van Den Brink, W. (2005). Sustained efficacy of dialectical behaviour therapy for borderline personality disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(9), 1231-1241.
Van Den Bosch, L.M.C., Verheul, R., Schippers, G.M., & Van Den Brink, W. (2002). Dialectical Behavior Therapy of borderline patients with and without substance use problems. Implementation and long-term effects. Addictive Behaviors, 27(6), 911-923.
Verheul, R., Van Den Bosch, L.M.C., Koeter, M.W.J., De Ridder, M.A.J., Stijnen, T., & Van Den Brink, W. (2003). Dialectical Behavior Therapy for women with borderline personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 135-140.
Watts, A.W. (1961). Psychotherapy, East and West. New York: New American Library.
Weiss, M., Nordlie, W., & Siegel, E.P. (2005). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction as an adjunct to outpatient psychotherapy. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 74(2), 108-112.
Weissbecker, I., Salmon, P., Studts, J., Floyd, A. R., Dedert, E.A., & Sephton, S.E. (2002). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and sense of coherence among women with fibromyalgia. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 9(4), 297-307.
Wells, A. (2002). GAD, metacognition, and mindfulness: An information processing analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9(1), 95-100.
Wicksell, R.K., Melin, L., & Olsson, G.L. (2007). Exposure and acceptance in the rehabilitation of adolescents with idiopathic chronic pain - a pilot study. European Journal of Pain, 11(3), 267-74.
Williams, J.M., Teasdale, J.D., Segal, Z.V., & Soulsby, J. (2000). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy reduces over general autobiographical memory in formerly depressed patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(1), 150-155.
Williams, K.A., Kolar, M.M., Reger, B.E., & Pearson, J. C. (2001). Evaluation of a wellness-based Mindfulness Stress Reduction intervention: a controlled trial. American Journal of Health Promotion, 15, 422-432.
Wilson, K.G., & Murrell, A. R. (2004). Values work in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: setting a course for behavioral treatment. In Steven C. Hayes, Victoria M. Follete & Marsha M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance (pp. 120-151). New York: Guilford Press.
Woods, D.W. (2005). A controlled evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy plus habit reversal for trichotillomania. Behaviour Research And Therapy, 44(5), 639-656.
Zettle, R.D. (2003). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) vs. systematic desensitization in treatment of mathematics anxiety. Psychological Record, 53(2), 197-215.
