Intervenciones de EMDR para Estrés Agudo: Una Revisión Sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/rdp.v36i132.45968Palabras clave:
EMDR, Intervenciones tempranas, Trauma agudo, Tept, Contextos de emergencia, Eficacia clínica, Protocolos adaptados, Revisión sistemáticaResumen
Esta revisión sistemática analiza la evidencia empírica disponible sobre la eficacia de intervenciones tempranas basadas en Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por Movimientos Oculares (EMDR) aplicadas a adultos dentro de los tres meses posteriores a la exposición a eventos potencialmente traumáticos. Se incluyeron 14 estudios con diseños metodológicos diversos, que emplearon versiones abreviadas del protocolo estándar y adaptaciones específicas en contextos diversos (como violencia sexual, terrorismo, desastres naturales, conflictos bélicos, hospitalización médica y violencia laboral). En general, los resultados muestran una reducción significativa de síntomas de trastorno de estrés postraumático y distrés psicológico tras la intervención. El abordaje de los síntomas disociativos solo lo realizo un estudio. Aunque claramente condicionado por las dificultades inherentes a investigar en contextos de emergencia, la calidad metodológica de los estudios fue en su mayoría baja, debido a la limitada aleatorización, tamaños muestrales reducidos y breves periodos de seguimiento. A pesar de estas limitaciones, los hallazgos sugieren que los protocolos de EMDR adaptados para estrés agudo podrían ser una alternativa prometedora. Se subraya la necesidad de estudios controlados más rigurosos, con mayor potencia estadística y seguimiento longitudinal, que permitan validar su eficacia y optimizar su implementación en contextos clínicos y comunitarios.
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