Intervenciones centradas en el trauma para personas con psicosis: una revisión narrativa de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/rdp.v36i132.45965Palabras clave:
trauma, esquizofrenia, trastorno de estrés postraumático, TEPT, psicosis, intervenciones centradas en el traumaResumen
Antecedentes: Las personas con trastornos del espectro de la psicosis presentan una elevada prevalencia de sintomatología postraumática. Aunque las principales guías clínicas recomiendan aplicar intervenciones centradas en el trauma también en esta población, sigue habiendo reticencias para llevarlas a cabo. La falta de formación, el temor a las descompensaciones y la ausencia de protocolos específicos son barreras frecuentes. En los últimos años han comenzado a surgir estudios que evalúan la eficacia y seguridad de estas intervenciones en personas con psicosis. Método: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados de intervenciones centradas en el trauma para personas con trastornos del espectro de la psicosis y trastorno de estrés postraumático publicados en la última década y estudios actualmente en desarrollo. Resultados: Se identificaron tres tipos de intervenciones principalmente: reestructuración cognitiva, exposición prolongada y EMDR. Estas dos últimas intervenciones muestran una mayor eficacia en la reducción de los síntomas postraumáticos. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones centradas en el trauma son seguras, viables y prometedoras para las personas con psicosis La formación profesional y la investigación específica son claves para realizar la intervención que requiere esta población.
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