Transdiagnóstico de las obsesiones y las compulsiones: una propuesta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33898/rdp.v29i110.247Palabras clave:
Intrusiones mentales, transdiagnóstico, trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, trastorno dismórfico corporal, hipocondría, trastornos alimentariosResumen
El propósito de adoptar un enfoque transdiagnóstico en psicopatología es comprender las comunalidades entre trastornos mentales clínicamente diferentes sobre la base de un rango de dimensiones y procesos etiopatogénicos compartidos. Este enfoque es radicalmente diferente al adoptado en los sistemas de diagnóstico psiquiátrico vigentes, basados en ideas y conceptos categoriales que se han mostrado ineficaces en los mismos ámbitos en los que surgieron, es decir, en las ciencias biológicas. En este trabajo revisamos la información empírica disponible sobre la utilidad de enfocar las diferentes psicopatologías del espectro obsesivo, adoptando un planteamiento transdiagnóstico. Para ello, escogimos centrarnos en el papel que juegan las intrusiones mentales no deseadas (IM) y sus consecuencias funcionales en cuatro trastornos diferentes: dos incluidos en el espectro obsesivo-compulsivo, los trastornos Obsesivo-Compulsivo y Dismórfico Corporal, y otros dos que no forman parte de ese espectro, la Hipocondría y los Trastornos Alimentarios. Los datos disponibles muestran, primero, la universalidad y dimensionalidad de IM con los contenidos característicos de cada trastorno, y segundo, que las IM y sus consecuencias funcionales son dimensiones de síntomas comunes para los cuatro trastornos. Datos como los aportados permiten comprender mejor las complejas relaciones de comorbilidad que tan frecuentemente se producen entre trastornos tan diferentes como los aquí estudiados.
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