Efectividad de la metodología de aula inversa en el ámbito universitario. Una revisión sistemática
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https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.35773Palabras clave:
aula inversa, revisión sistemática, metodologías docentes, estudiantes universitarios, educación superiorResumen
El aula inversa (AI) es un enfoque metodológico que invierte el modo de enseñanza tradicional poniendo el foco activo en el estudiante. Es una metodología dinámica en la que el profesor facilita el aprendizaje de los estudiantes proporcionando material adecuado para la preparación previa de las clases y acompañando en la profundización de los contenidos y resolución de situaciones o problemas relacionados con el tema de estudio dentro del aula. Por eso, está considerada como una metodología de innovación docente. El objetivo general del presente trabajo es analizar la evidencia científica sobre la efectividad del AI en el ámbito universitario. Siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y ERIC entre los años 2016 y 2022, se han analizado un total de 27 estudios experimentales o cuasiexperimentales que cumplieron los criterios de selección definidos. Se analizaron variables descriptivas, de diseño y la valoración de la eficacia, la valoración de los estudiantes y los condicionantes que inciden en la eficacia del AI. Los resultados muestran un mayor número de publicaciones en los continentes asiático y americano y en los ámbitos de ciencias y educación. El 87% de los artículos estudian el nivel de grado universitario y más del 81% utilizan grupo control en su diseño de estudio. La evidencia muestra la efectividad de la aplicación del AI en relación con los resultados académicos de los estudiantes en los distintos grados, así como en la adquisición de habilidades consideradas transversales en el ámbito universitario. La satisfacción de los estudiantes respecto a la metodología es buena y las mejoras en su efectividad se relacionan con aspectos que dependen de los mismos estudiantes, los profesores y la universidad.
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