The Flexibility of the Flipped Classroom for the Design of Mediated and Self-regulated Learning Scenarios

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.26.2.36035

Palavras-chave:

flipped classroom, flexible learning, hybrid teahcing, virtual education, performance, self-regulation

Resumo

The flipped classroom is a methodology recognised for its positive impact on the self-regulation of learning and academic performance. There is extensive literature that demonstrates its potential for educational flexibility, including the adaptation to online and blended modes of delivery that utilize digital technology successfully. There is, however, little evidence which proves that a unique flipped classroom design can be adjusted to different teaching modes without affecting student satisfaction and learning outcomes. In this research, we analyse eight cases of flipped classroom implementation during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 academic years in the Faculty of Education Sciences at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. According to the findings, students who seem to have a stronger perception of self-regulated learning development and technology appropriation also have higher perception of academic performance, although they do not achieve better results. There are no significant variations in pedagogical design satisfaction or learning outcomes depending on teaching modality. However, the study did find that the most flexible teaching modes, such as intermittent face-to-face and hybrid teaching, offered more benefits to students in terms of academic performance and self-regulated learning. The main conclusion is that flipped classroom is a flexible methodology that can be adapted to different teaching modes while maintaining student satisfaction and learning outcomes.

FULL ARTICLE:
https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ried/article/view/36035/27638

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografias Autor

Ingrid Noguera Fructuoso, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB (Spain)

Ingrid Noguera is PhD in Educational Multimedia and Serra Hunter fellow at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain). Her research interests focus on innovative teaching methods and teaching and learning in the digital society. She belongs to the ECIUn+ university consortium (Ref. ERASMUS-EDU-2022-EUR-UNIV-101089422). She currently leads the Erasmus+ Project “FLeD: learning design for flexible education” (Ref. KA220-HED-63C429BA), which aims to facilitate the effective design of flipped learning scenarios in higher education.

Paulina Elizabeth Robalino Guerra, Slik Corp (Spain)

Phd. degree in Psychology from the Póntifice Universidad Católica Argentina. She is currently a Guest Professor at UADE University (Argentina) and UAB (Spain), and Head of People Science & Research at Slik. She has experience in data science, psychometrics, personality and cognitive psychology. She has published numerous research papers and technical reports for various organizations. She is a member of multiple international professional associations with regular participation in their conferences. She is also an international People Analytics consultant for INSTARE.

Shqiponjë Ahmedi, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB (Spain)

Shqiponjë Ahmedi earned her Ph.D. in Psychology of Communication and Change from the Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain), and is now conducting research as a member of the PAFIU research group at UAB. Her research interests focus on the critical areas of emotion regulation, social-emotional learning, and art-based therapies, where she has acquired extensive knowledge and expertise. With her deep understanding of how individuals process and communicate emotions, Shqiponjë is committed to exploring innovative ways to harness these processes to promote personal growth and well-being.

Referências

Ahmed, S., Taqi, H. M., Farabi, Y. I., Sarker, M., Ali, S. M., & Sankaranarayanan, B. (2021). Evaluation of flexible strategies to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in the education sector. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 22(2), 81-105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-021-00267-9

Akçayir, G., & Akçayir, M. (2018). The flipped classroom: A review of its advantages and challenges. Computers & Education, 126, 334-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.021

Al-Samarraie, H., Shamsuddin, A., & Alzahrani, A. I. (2020). A flipped classroom model in higher education: a review of the evidence across disciplines. Education Tech Research Dev, 68, 1017-1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09718-8

Alegre, M., Demuth, P., & Navarro, V. (2019). El aprendizaje invertido en la formación en Medicina. Miradas estudiantiles sobre la estrategia didáctica de aula inversa [Flipped learning in Medicine training: Students views on the didactic strategy of the flipped classroom]. Revista de Educación, 18, 397-415. https://fh.mdp.edu.ar/revistas/index.php/r_educ/article/view/3771/3712

Algashab, M. (2020). Flipping the writing classroom: Focusing on the pedagogical benefits and EFL learners’ perceptions. English Language Teaching, 13(4), 28-40. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n4p28

Aljaraideh, Y. (2019). Students’ perception of flipped classroom: A case study for private universities in Jordan. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 9(3), 368-377. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.648

Barua, A., Gubbiyappa, K. S, Baloch, H. Z., & Das, B. (2014). Validation of feedback questionnaire on flipped classroom (FC) activity. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research, 4(3), 339-349. https://japer.in/article/validation-of-feedback-questionnaire-on-flipped-classroom-fc-activity

Beardsley, M., Albó, L., Aragón, P., & Hernández-Leo, D. (2021). Emergency education effects on teacher abilities and motivation to use digital technologies. British Journal of Educational Technologies, 52(4), 1455-1477. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13101

Beason-Abmayr, B., Caprette, D. R., & Gopalan, C. (2021). Flipped teaching eased the transition from face-to-face teaching to online instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adv Physiol Educ, 45, 384-389. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00248.2020

Birgili, B., Seggie, F. N., & Oğuz, E. (2021). The trends and outcomes of flipped learning research between 2012 and 2018: A descriptive content analysis. Journal of Computers in Education, 8, 365-394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-021-00183-y

Bishnoi, M. (2020). Flipped classroom and digitization: an inductive study on the learning framework for 21st century skill acquisition. Journal for Educators, Teachers and Trainers, 11(1), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.47750/jett.2020.11.01.004

Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (1995). Multiple significance tests: the Bonferroni method. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 310, 170. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6973.170

Campillo-Ferrer, J. M, & Miralles-Martínez, P. (2021). Effectiveness of the flipped classroom model on students’ self-reported motivation and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Palgrave Communications, 8(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00860-4

Chang, C., Kao, C., & Hwang, G. (2020). Facilitating students’ critical thinking and decision making performances: A flipped classroom for neonatal health care training. Educational Technology & Society, 23(2), 32-46. http://www.ncolr.org/jiol/issues/pdf/8.2.4.pdf

Charter, R. A. (2003). A breakdown of reliability coefficients by test type and reliability method, and the clinical implications of low reliability. The Journal of general psychology, 130(3), 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221300309601160

Chen, C.-C. (2021). Effects of flipped classroom on learning outcomes and satisfaction: An experiential learning perspective. Sustainability, 13, 9298. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169298

Collado-Valero, J., Rodríguez-Infante, G., Romero-González, M., Gamboa-Ternero, S., Navarro-Soria, I., & Lavigne-Cerván, R. (2021). Flipped classroom: Active methodology for sustainable learning in higher education during social distancing due to COVID-19. Sustainability, 13(10), 5336. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105336

del Arco Bravo, I., Flores Alarcia, O, & Silva, P. (2019). El desarrollo del modelo flipped classroom en la universidad: impacto de su implementación desde la voz del estudiantado [The development of the model flipped classroom at university: Impact of its implementation from student voice]. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 37(2), 451-469. https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.37.2.327831

del Arco Bravo, I., Mercadé-Melé, P., Ramos-Pla, A., & Flores-Alarcia, Ò. (2022). Bibliometric analysis of the flipped classroom pedagogical model: Trends and strategic lines of study. Front. Educ. 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.1022295

Doo, M. Y., & Bonk, C. J. (2020). The effects of self-efficacy, self-regulation and social presence on learning engagement in a large university class using flipped learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(6), 997-1010. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12455

Drozdikova-Zaripova, A., & Sabirova, E. (2020). Usage of digital educational resources in teaching students with application of "flipped classroom" technology. Contemporary Educational Technology, 12(2), ep278. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/8582

Engel, A., & Coll, C. (2022). Entornos híbridos de enseñanza y aprendizaje para promover la personalización del aprendizaje [hybrid Teaching and Learning environments to Promote Personalized Learning]. RIED-Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia, 25(1), 225-242. https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.25.1.31489

Fan, J. Y., Tseng, Y. J., Chao, L. F., Chen, S.-L., & Jane, S.-W. (2020). Learning outcomes of a flipped classroom teaching approach in an adult-health nursing course: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Med Educ, 20, 317. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02240-z

Fisher, R., Perényi, Á., & Birdthistle, N. (2021). The positive relationship between flipped and blended learning and student engagement, performance and satisfaction. Active Learning in Higher Education, 22(2), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787418801702

Freire, T., & Rodríguez, C. (2022). The transformation to an online course in higher education results in better student academic performance [La transformación a la virtualidad de un curso en educación superior mejora el desempeño académico estudiantil]. RIED-Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia, 25(1), 299-322. https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.25.1.31465

Galindo-Dominguez, H. (2021). Flipped classroom in the educational system: Trend or effective pedagogical model compared to other methodologies? Educational Technology & Society, 24(3), 44-60. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27032855

Gillette, C., Rudolph, M., Kimble, C., Rockich-Winston, N., Smith, L., & Broedel-Zaugg, K. (2018). A meta-analysis of outcomes comparing flipped classroom and lecture. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 82(5), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe6898

Gopalan, C., Butts-Wilmsmeyer, C., & Moran, V. (2021). Virtual flipped teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adv Physiol Educ, 45, 670-678. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00061.2021

Gündüz, A. Y., & Akkoyunly, B. (2020). Effectiveness of gamification in flipped learning. SAGE Open, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020979837

Hew, K. F., Bai, S., Dawson, P., & Lo, C. K. (2021) Meta-analyses of flipped classroom studies: A review of methodology. Educational Research Review, 33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2021.100393

Huang, R. H., Liu, D. J., Tlili, A., Yang, J. F., & Wang, H. H. (2020). Handbook on facilitating flexible learning during educational disruption: The Chinese experience in maintaining undisrupted learning in COVID-19 outbreak. Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University. https://iite.unesco.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Handbook-on-Facilitating-Flexible-Learning-in-COVID-19-Outbreak-SLIBNU-V1.2-20200315.pdf

Huang, X., Wang, Y., Zou, Y., Ai, W., & Zhang, L. (2021). Factors affecting learning performance in flipped classroom: An empirical study based on RCOI framework. Revista de Educación, 391(3), 98-122.

Hue, D. T. (2020). The advantages and disadvantages of virtual learning. Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 10(3), 45-48. https://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jrme/papers/Vol-10%20Issue-3/Series-5/H1003054548.pdf

Hyppönen, L., Hirsto, L., & Sointu, E. (2019). Perspectives on university students’ self-regulated learning, task-avoidance, time management and achievement in a flipped classroom context. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 18(13), 87-106. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.13.5

Jafarian, A., Salah, R. M., Alsadoon, A., Patel, S., Alves, G. R., & Prasad, P. W. C. (2021). Modify flipped model of co-regulation and shared-regulation impact in higher education, and role of facilitator on student’s achievement. In International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI) (pp. 925-932). https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCI54926.2021.00066

Jia, C., Hew, K. F., Bai, S., & Huang, W. (2022). Adaptation of a conventional flipped course to an online flipped format during the Covid-19 pandemic: Student learning performance and engagement. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(2), 281-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1847220

Jung, H., Park, S. W., Kim, H. S., & Park, J. (2022). The effects of the regulated learning-supported flipped classroom on student performance. J Comput High Educ, 34, 132-153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-021-09284-0

Karaoğlan Yılmaz, F. G. (2022). An investigation into the role of course satisfaction on students’ engagement and motivation in a mobile‐assisted learning management system flipped classroom. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 31(1), 15-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2021.1940257

Khan, M., & Abdou, B. (2021). Flipped classroom: How higher education institutions (HEIs) of Bangladesh could move forward during COVID-19 pandemic. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100187

Kim, Y., Kim, N., & Chae, M. (2021). Effects of flipped learning on nursing students: A mixed methods study. Jpn J Nurs Sci, 18(3), e12425. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12425

Latorre-Cosculluela, C., Suárez, C., Quiroga, S., Sobradiel-Sierra, N., Lozano-Blasco, R., & Rodríguez-Martínez, A. (2021). Flipped classroom model before and during COVID-19: Using technology to develop 21st century skills. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 18(2), 189-204. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITSE-08-2020-0137

le Cessie, S., Goeman, J. J., & Dekkers, O. M. (2020). Who is afraid of non-normal data? Choosing between parametric and non-parametric tests. European journal of endocrinology, 182(2), E1-E3. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-19-0922

Li, C. H. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behavior Research Methods, 48, 936-949. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0619-7

Martin, K. M., & Gallimore, J. M. (2020). Comparing student performance in flipped and non-flipped apace mechanics classrooms. International Journal of Engineering Education, 36(5), 1615-1624. https://www.ijee.ie/1atestissues/Vol36-5/16_ijee3974.pdf

Martínez-Fernández, J. R. (2019). El modelo de patrones de aprendizaje: estado actual, reflexiones y perspectivas desde el territorio de Iberoamérica [Learning Pattern Model: Current State, Reflections and Perspectives from Ibero-American Territory]. Revista Colombiana de Educación, 77, 227-244. https://doi.org/10.17227/rce.num77-9953

Mehring, J. (2017). Technology as a teaching and learning tool in the flipped classroom. In M. Carrier, R. Damerow, & K. M. Bailey (Eds.), Digital Language Learning and Teaching: Research, Theory and Practice (pp. 67-78). Routledge &TIRF. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315523293-6

Memon, T. D., Jurin, M., Kwan, P., Jan, T., Sidnal, N., & Nafi, N. (2021). Studying learner’s perception of attaining graduate attributes in capstone project units using online flipped classroom. Education Sciences, 11(11), 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11110698

Meyliana, Sablan, B., Surjandy, S., & Hidayanto, A. N. (2022). Flipped learning effect on classroom engagement and outcomes in university information systems class. Educ Inf Technol, 27, 3341-3359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10723-9

Mosquera Feijóo, J. C., Suárez, F., Chiyón, I., & Alberti, M. G. (2021). Some web-based experiences from flipped classroom techniques in AEC modules during the COVID-19 lockdown. Education Sciences, 11(5), 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11050211

Muiños, J. F. M. (2021). Valor de corte de los índices de ajuste en el análisis factorial confirmatorio. Psocial, 7(1), 66-71. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2422-619X2021000100066&lng=es&tlng=es

Noguera, I., Albó, L., & Beardsley, M. (2022). University students’ preference for flexible teaching models that foster constructivist learning practices. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 38, 4, 22-39. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.7968

Nortvig, A. M., Petersen, A. K., & Balle, S. H. (2018). A literature review of the factors influencing elearning and blended learning in relation to learning outcome, student satisfaction and engagement. The Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 16(1), 46-55. https://academic-publishing.org/index.php/ejel/article/view/1855/1818

Okmen, B., & Kilic, A. (2020). The effect of layered flipped learning model on students' attitudes and self-regulation skills. International Journal of Research in Education and Science (IJRES), 6(3), 409-426. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.v6i3.957

Othman, S. A., Kamarudin, Y., Sivarajan, S., Soh, E. X., Lau, M. N., Zakaria, N. N., Wey, M. C., Wan Hassan, W. N., Bahar, A. D., Mohd Tahir, N. N. Z., Razi, R. M., & Naimie, Z. (2022). Students' perception on flipped classroom with formative assessment: A focus group study. European journal of dental education. https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12823

Park, S., & Kim, N. H. (2022). University students’ self-regulation, engagement and performance in flipped learning. European Journal of Training and Development, 46(1/2), 22-40. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-08-2020-0129

Rojas-Torres, L. (2020). Robustez de los índices de ajuste del análisis factorial confirmatorio a los valores extremos. Revista de Matemática: Teoría y Aplicaciones, 27(2), 403-424. https://doi.org/10.15517/rmta.v27i2.33677

Romero-García, C., de Paz-Lugo, P., Buzón-García, O., & Navarro-Asencio, E. (2021). Evaluación de una formación online basada en flipped classroom [Evaluation of online training based on the flipped classroom-based model]. Revista de Educación, 391, 61-88. https://doi.org/10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2021-391-471

Ruiz-Jiménez, M. C., Licerán-Gutiérrez, A., & Martínez-Jiménez, R. (2022). Why do student perceptions of academic performance improve? The influence of acquired competences and formative assessment in a flipped classroom environment. Active Learning in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/14697874221133459

Sadiq, S., & Mahejabin. (2022). Comparison between flipped classroom and blended learning. Journal of Advance Research in Science and Social Science, 5(1), 202-211. http://jarssc.com/attachments/Perceived-Parenting-Style-and-Emotional-Intelligence-Among-Late-Adolescents-Abci-Joseph.pdf

Sanandaji, A., & Ghanbartehrani, S. (2021). An evaluation of online flipped instruction methods during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 23(1), 46-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228053.2021.1901360

Sánchez-Rivas, E., Sánchez-Rodríguez, J., & Ruiz-Palmero, J. (2019). Percepción del alumnado universitario respecto al modelo pedagógico de clase invertida [College student's perception about the pedagogical model of flipped class]. Magis. Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación, 11(23), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.m11-23.paur

Sandobal Verón, V. C., Marín, M. B., & Barrios, T. H. (2021). El aula invertida como estrategia didáctica para la generación de competencias: una revisión sistemática. RIED-Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia, 24(2), 285-308. https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.24.2.29027

Shao, M., & Liu, X. (2021). Impact of the flipped classroom on students’ learning performance via meta-analysis. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9, 82-109. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.99007

Shi, D., Maydeu-Olivares, A., & Rosseel, Y. (2019). Assessing fit in ordinal factor analysis models: SRMR vs. RMSEA. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 27(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2019.1611434

Shyr, W-J, & Chen, C-H. (2018). Designing a technology-enhanced flipped learning system to facilitate students' self-regulation and performance. J Comput Assist Learn, 34, 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12213

Silverajah, V. S. G., Wong, S. L., Govindaraj, A., Khambari, M. N. M., Rahmat, R. W. B. O. K., & Deni, A. R. M. (2022). A systematic review of self-regulated learning in flipped classrooms: key findings, measurement methods, and potential directions. IEEE Access, 10, 20270-20294. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3143857

Swart, W., MacLeod, K., Wengrowicz, N., & Paul, R. (2021). Flipped classrooms and COVID-19 disruption: empirical results. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 21(3), 131-143. https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v21i3.4150

Torres-Martín, C., Acal, C., El-Homrani, M., & Mingorance-Estrada, A. C. (2022). Implementation of the flipped classroom and its longitudinal impact on improving academic performance. Education Tech Research Dev, 70, 909-929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-022-10095-y

Valdivia-Vizarreta, P., & Noguera, I. (2022). La docencia en pandemia, estrategias y adaptaciones en la educación superior: Una aproximación a las pedagogías flexibles [Approaching flexible pedagogies: Teaching in pandemics, strategies and adaptations in higher education]. Edutec. Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa, 79, 114-133. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2022.79.2373

van Alten, D. C. D., Phielix, C., Janssen, J., & Kester, L. (2019). Effects of flipping the classroom on learning outcomes and satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.05.003

Weiss, L.-F., & Friege, G. (2021). The flipped classroom: Media hype or empirically based effectiveness? Problems of education in the 21st century, 79(2), 312-332. https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/21.79.312

Witt, C. M., Trivedi, C., & Aminalroayae, F. (2021). Using flipped instruction in a technology-enhanced learning environment: the case for scaffolding. Issues in Information Systems, 22(2), 52-62. https://doi.org/10.48009/2_iis_2021_52-62

Yilmaz, R. (2017). Exploring the role of e-learning readiness on student satisfaction and motivation in flipped classroom. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 251-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.085

Zheng, X.-L., Kim, H.-S., Lai, W.-H., & Hwang, G.-J. (2020), Cognitive regulations in ICT-supported flipped classroom interactions: An activity theory perspective. Br J Educ Technol, 51, 103-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12763

Publicado

2023-03-20

Como Citar

Noguera Fructuoso, I., Robalino Guerra, P. E., & Ahmedi, S. (2023). The Flexibility of the Flipped Classroom for the Design of Mediated and Self-regulated Learning Scenarios. RIED. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia, 26(2), 155–173. https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.26.2.36035