Didactics and technology. Teaching lessons from the long-term emergency remote school
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.27.1.37686Keywords:
Educational technology, Peru, Basic education, Post covid-19, TeachingAbstract
The Covid-19 crisis forced schools around the world to close their doors, but not all for the same length of time. Countries such as Peru had to find technological alternatives to continue education for an excessively long period: two academic years. At the end of the pandemic, in April 2022, the students returned to face-to-face classes, but in addition to the studies reporting the negative impact of long school closures on learning, what new pedagogical relationship did teachers establish with technology in this context? To answer this question, this paper sought to understand Peruvian teachers' perceptions of the relationship between didactics and technology that emerged after two years of technological mediation forced by school closure measures. This long-term exposure to technology makes the data in this study unique. To find out more about this change, an ad hoc questionnaire was carried out. The open-ended questions of the questionnaire were answered by 154 Peruvian basic education teachers in the metropolitan area of Lima. The information collected was analysed using a qualitative methodology. Their responses were used in an emergent coding process and the resulting codes were grouped into categories. After two years of school closure and in addition to the demand for better training and access to technology, teachers believe that all technology-mediated educational practices used in the emergency school should be part of the face-to-face experience. The only exception would be those that invade the privacy of teachers, students and families.
FULL ARTICLE:
https://revistas.uned.es/index.php/ried/article/view/37686/28169
Downloads
References
Acevedo, I., Flores, I., Székely, M., & Zoido, P. (2022). ¿Qué ha sucedido con la educación en América Latina durante la Pandemia? Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. https://doi.org/10.18235/0004175
Almonacid-Fierro, A., Philominraj, A., Vargas-Vitoria, R., & Almonacid-Fierro, M. (2022). Perceptions about Teaching in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience of Secondary Education in Chile. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(1), 457-467. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.1.457
Almonacid-Fierro, A., Vargas-Vitoria, R., De Carvalho, R. S., & Fierro, M. A. (2021). Impact on teaching in times of COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(2), 432-440. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i2.21129
Andrade, P., & Guerrero, L. (2021). Aprendo en Casa: balance y recomendaciones. GRADE.
Azevedo, J. P., Hasan, A., Goldemberg, D., Geven, K., & Iqbal, S. A. (2021). Simulating the potential impacts of COVID-19 school closures on schooling and learning outcomes: A set of global estimates. The World Bank Research Observer, 36(1), 1-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkab003
Blau, I., Grinberg, R., & Shamir-Inbal, T. (2018). Pedagogical perspectives and practices reflected in metaphors of learning and digital learning of ICT leaders. Computers in the Schools, 35(1), 32-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380569.2018.1427960
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Cáceres-Muñoz, J., Jiménez Hernández, A. S., & Martín-Sánchez, M. (2020). Cierre de Escuelas y Desigualdad Socioeducativa en Tiempos del Covid-19. Una Investigación Exploratoria en Clave Internacional. Revista Internacional de Educación para la Justicia Social, 9(3), 199-221. https://doi.org/10.15366/riejs2020.9.3.011
Cohen, A., Nørgård, R. T., & Mor, Y. (2020). Hybrid learning spaces. Design, data, didactics. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(4), 1039-1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12964
Colás-Bravo, P. (2021). Retos de la Investigación Educativa tras la pandemia COVID-19. Revista de Investigación Educativa, 39(2), 319-333. https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.469871
Darling-Hammond, L., & Hyler, M. E. (2020). Preparing educators for the time of COVID… and beyond. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 457-465. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2020.1816961
Darling-Hammond, L., Schachner, A., & Edgerton, A. K. (2021). Reiniciar y reinventar la escuela: El aprendizaje en los tiempos de COVID y más allá. Learning Policy Institute. https://web.tuclase.cl/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Reiniciar-y-reinventar-la-escuela-Linda-Darling-Hammond.pdf
Espinal, S. (2021). Impacto del COVID-19 sobre las capacidades en educación: discusión para el caso peruano. In J. Iguíñiz & J. Clausen (Ed.), COVID-19 & Crisis de Desarrollo Humano en América Latina (pp. 367-377). Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04093-6
Floridi, L. (Ed.) (2015). The onlife manifesto: Being human in a hyperconnected era. Springer Nature.
Gómez-Arteta, I., & Escobar-Mamani, F. (2021). Educación virtual en tiempos de pandemia: incremento de la desigualdad social en el Perú. Revista Chakiñan de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, (15), 152-165. https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.1996
Hammerstein, S., König, C., Dreisörner, T., & Frey, A. (2021). Effects of COVID-19-related school closures on student achievement-a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 746289. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.746289
Hidalgo Cajo, B. G., & Gisbert-Cervera, M. (2022). Factores determinantes que permiten establecer tipologías de profesorado en el contexto de la innovación tecnológica educativa. Revista de Educación a Distancia, 22(69), 71-103. https://doi.org/10.6018/red.499171
Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020, March 27). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. Educause Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning
Huck, C., & Zhang, J. (2021). Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on K-12 Education: A Systematic Literature Review. New Waves-Educational Research and Development Journal, 24(1), 53-84.
Iguíñiz, J., & Clausen, J. (Eds.) (2021). COVID-19 & Crisis de Desarrollo Humano en América Latina. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. https://ir.uv.es/l5jdnQD
Jandrić, P., & Hayes, S. (2022). Postdigital critical pedagogy. In The Palgrave Handbook on Critical Theories of Education (pp. 321-336). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86343-2_18
Latour, B. (2023). Habitar la Tierra. Arcadia.
Liberato, L. P., & Alvarado, M. (2023). Aprendizagem e política educativa na educação virtual nas escolas públicas peruanas durante a pandemia da COVID19. Revista Tempos e Espaços em Educação, 16(35), e18663. https://doi.org/10.20952/revtee.v16i35.18663
Lloret-Catala, C., Suárez-Guerrero, C., & Mateu-Luján, B. (2023). Didáctica y tecnología en la escuela digital de emergencia en Perú [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032341
Lobos, K., Cobo-Rendón, R., García-Álvarez, D., Maldonado-Mahauad, J., & Bruna, C. (2023). Lessons Learned from the Educational Experience during COVID-19 from the Perspective of Latin American University Students. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032341
Marshall, D. T. (Ed.) (2022). COVID-19 and the classroom: How schools navigated the great disruption. Rowman & Littlefield.
Martínez-Garcés, J., & Garcés-Fuenmayor, J. (2020). Competencias digitales docentes y el reto de la educación virtual derivado de la covid-19. Educación y humanismo, 22(39), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.17081/eduhum.22.39.4114
Medina-Hernández, E. J., Barco-Llerena, E., & Villalba-Acevedo, J. L. (2022). Preparación y reacción de los países del sur y norte global frente al COVID-19: un análisis comparado. HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local, 14(30), 251-292. https://doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v14n30.94006
Mèlich, J. C. (2019). La sabiduría de lo incierto: lectura y condición humana. Planeta.
Ministerio de Educación de Perú (2023). Censo educativo. https://ir.uv.es/F90CkVD
Narcizo, C. (2021). Tensiones respecto a la brecha digital en la educación peruana. Revista Peruana de Investigación e Innovación Educativa, 1(2), e21039. https://doi.org/10.15381/rpiiedu.v1i2.21039
Onyema, E. M., Eucheria, N. C., Obafemi, F. A., Sen, S., Atonye, F. G., Sharma, A., & Alsayed, A. O. (2020). Impact of coronavirus pandemic on education. Journal of Education and Practice, 11(13), 108-121. https://doi.org/10.7176/JEP/11-13-12
Pokhrel, S., & Chhetri, R. (2021). A Literature Review on Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Teaching and Learning. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631120983481
Portillo, J., & Lopez de la Serna, A. (2021). An international perspective for ‘Improving teacher professional development for online and blended learning: A systematic meta-aggregative review’. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(1), 25-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09851-9
Saavedra, J. (2023). Estamos tarde. Una memoria para recobrar la educación en el Perú. Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Perú.
Suárez-Guerrero, C., & Lloret-Catala, C. (2022). La Digitalización de la Educación en Pandemia. Mirada del Docente Peruano. REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.15366/reice2022.20.4.007
Suárez-Guerrero, C., Rivera-Vargas, P., & Raffaghelli, J. (2023). EdTech myths: towards a critical digital educational agenda. Technology, Pedagogy and Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2023.2240332
Suárez-Guerrero, C., Sanz-Cervera, P., & Tijeras-Iborra, M. A. (2021). Educar en Apurímac. Resistencia creadora en tiempos de pandemia. McGraw-Hill.
Tondeur, J., Van Braak, J., Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. (2017). Understanding the relationship between teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and technology use in education: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. Educational Technology Research and Development, 65, 555-575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-016-9481-2
Van Lancker, W., & Parolin, Z. (2020). COVID-19, school closures, and child poverty: a social crisis in the making. The Lancet Public Health, 5(5), e243-e244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30084-0
Williamson, B., Rebecca, E., & Potter, J. (2020). Pandemic politics, pedagogies and practices: Digital technologies and distance education during the coronavirus emergency. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(2), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1761641
World Bank (2022). Two years after: saving a generation. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/37586