La Soledad en la Alta Capacidad Intelectual: Factores de Riesgo y Estrategias de Afrontamiento: La soledad en la alta capacidad intelectual

María Isabel Gómez León

doi:10.33898/rdp.v31i117.364

Autores/as

María Isabel Gómez León Universidad Internacional de La Rioja. España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7466-5441

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33898/rdp.v31i117.364

Palabras clave:

altas capacidades, soledad, exclusión social, estrategias de afrontamiento, desarrollo socioemocional

Resumen

Los niños y adolescentes con alta capacidad intelectual (ACI) presentan una serie de características y necesidades únicas que en ocasiones son difícilmente comprendidas y toleradas por el resto, por lo que a menudo se enfrentan a situaciones de soledad física o compartida con graves repercusiones en la salud física y mental. Las investigaciones sugieren que si la ACI no se desarrolla en un contexto socioafectivo adecuado desde la infancia estos niños y adolescentes podrían estar en riesgo con respecto a la salud mental para poder convertirse en adultos sanos en un aspecto biopsicosocial. El objetivo de este artículo es describir algunos de los posibles factores de riesgo que hacen que los niños y adolescentes con ACI sean especialmente vulnerables a experimentar el aislamiento físico, social y/o psicológico, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento más comúnmente utilizadas por ellos para intentar superar estas situaciones de estrés. Los resultados señalan como principales factores de riesgo la disincronía y complejidad cognitiva con respecto a sus iguales, patrones de amistad diferentes y una mayor conectividad dentro del sistema de mentalización. Las estrategias de afrontamiento social más utilizadas por esta población en respuesta a la percepción de los efectos sociales negativos son negar el talento, minimizar la popularidad y la conformidad con los demás.

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La Soledad en la Alta Capacidad Intelectual: Factores de Riesgo y Estrategias de Afrontamiento