Agresores generalistas y especialistas en violencia de parejas jóvenes y adolescentes: Implicaciones en la implementación de los programas de prevención
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.14.2.20743Palabras clave:
violencia entre parejas jóvenes y adolescentes, agresores generalistas, agresores especialistas, perfil de maltrato, teen and youth dating violence, generalist batterers, specialist batterers, abuse profileResumen
Resumen
El estudio de las relaciones de noviazgo violentas en la juventud y adolescencia (Dating Violence, DV) es un campo de especial interés, tanto por su prevalencia, como por constituir el inicio del aprendizaje de la dinámica de relaciones de pareja en la edad adulta. Uno de los desafíos en este campo es la identificación de los factores de riesgo y protección que deben constituir la base para la elaboración de programas de prevención. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si existen diferencias en el perfil de maltrato entre agresores de pareja especialistas (expresan sus conductas agresivas exclusivamente con sus parejas) y generalistas (manifiestan también sus conductas abusivas en otros entornos y contextos). La muestra está compuesta por 447 mujeres (rango de edad = 15-26 años; M = 18.77, DE = 2.36). Fueron agrupadas en función de la variable Maltrato (Non-Abused/Abused) y categorizadas en este último grupo en función de que el agresor fuese considerado especialista o generalista por sus víctimas. Se aplicó el Cuestionario CUVINO (Dating Violence Questionnaire), que evalúa ocho distintos tipos de maltrato en estas edades. El análisis MANOVA realizado mostró diferencias entre los grupos en los factores de Humillación, Coerción y Violencia basada en Género. Adicionalmente, se encontraron tamaños de efectos pequeños pero apreciables en los factores de Desapego, Violencia Física y Castigo Emocional. En base a los resultados obtenidos, se discute la necesidad de considerar el tipo de agresor (generalista o especialista) en las investigaciones sobre DV y sus implicaciones en el campo de la prevención.
Abstract
The study of teen and youth dating violent relationships (Dating Violence, DV) is a field of special interest, not only because of its prevalence, but also because it constitutes the beginning of the learning of the dynamics of relationships, in which the possibility of establishing habits for later relationships begins. One of the challenges in this field is related to the identification of risk and protection factors that must provide a solid basis for the development of prevention programs. The aim of the present study is to determine if there are differences in the abuse profile among DV specialist (they show their abusive behavior specifically with their affective partner) and generalist batterers (they also express them in other environments and contexts). The sample was 447 women (range age from15 to 26 years; M = 18.77, SD = 2.36). They were grouped per the variable Non-Abused/Abused and, in the latter group, were grouped according to the consideration of the victims about if the aggressor was specialist of generalist. The CUVINO Questionnaire (Dating Violence Questionnaire, DVQ) was applied, which evaluates eight different types of abuse at these ages. MANOVA analysis showed differences between groups in the factors of Humiliation, Coercion and Gender-Based Violence. In addition, small but appreciable effects sizes were found in Detachment, Physical Violence and Emotional Punishment factors. Basing on the results obtained, we discuss the need to consider the type of aggressor (generalist or specialist) in research on DV and its implications in the field of prevention.
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