Revisión de la autocaracterización: una técnica narrativa constructivista
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.16.1.22192Palabras clave:
autocaracterización, narrativa, revisión, técnica de rejilla, teoría de los Constructos Personales, self-characterization, narrative, review, Personal Construct theoryResumen
Resumen
La autocaracterización es una técnica narrativa enmarcada dentro de la Teoría de los Constructos Personales (Kelly, 1955). Se diferencia de otras técnicas narrativas por la estructura de sus instrucciones, donde se solicita a la persona describirse a sí misma en tercera persona de una forma íntima; y por el formato de corrección, que trata de desenfocar al lector de su visión y asumir el punto de vista del autor como propio, así como por explorar el proceso y el sistema de construcción personal. Pese a ser destacada por su utilidad clínica (G. J. Neimeyer, 1996), no se han encontrado trabajos que reúnan los principales resultados que ha cosechado esta técnica. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar las similitudes y las diferencias encontradas en los trabajos que hacen uso de ella. Para dar respuesta, se lleva a cabo una revisión de literatura que reúne las principales contribuciones sobre la autocaracterización. Se ha tenido en cuenta la metodología empleada en los estudios, el formato de instrucción y de corrección y las etapas de análisis. La investigación muestra que el acercamiento crédulo, la flexibilidad de las instrucciones y la exploración de los constructos personales son los puntos recurrentes en los distintos trabajos recopilados. Se concluye que el formato de corrección, escasamente sistematizado, está influyendo negativamente en su uso y en su difusión a nivel empírico. Adicionalmente, se indica la necesidad de generar un protocolo de análisis que integre las principales etapas de análisis y actitudes del terapeuta que más atención han cosechado.
Abstract
Self-characterization is a narrative technique framed in Personal Construct Theory (PCT; Kelly, 1955). It is differentiated from others narrative techniques by its elicited instructions, where is request a third person selfdescription in a sympathetic and intimate way, and by analysis protocol, that try to blur the reader from his own vision and assume the author’s point of view as his own, like so explore the process and the system of personal construct. Despite being highlighted for therapeutic useful (G. J. Neimeyer, 1996), no works founds that gather the self-characterizations finds. The objective is analyzing the differences and similarities founded between research which use self-characterization. For give an answer, it is made a literature review that group the main contributions about this technique. It has been taken in consideration the methodology, instructions and analysis format, and analysis phases. This paper sample that credulous approach, instruction flexibility and personal construct exploration are the recurrent point in compiled works. It is been concluded that analysis format, poorly systematized, supposes a negative influence in its use and diffusion at empiric level. Additionally, it is indicated the need to generate a new protocol to analysis that integrated the principal phases and therapeutic attitude that have garnered more attention.
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