Factors Influencing the Use of the Basque Language in the Northern Basque Country

Abstract

This article analyses the factors determining the use of the Basque language in the French territories of Labourd, Basse-Navarre and Soule. We defend the hypothesis that the use of the Etxepare language is determined by three key factors: linguistic competence and, more precisely, the level of knowledge of the Basque language; the individual’s first language or languages, which have an impact on the level of knowledge and frequency of use; and, the individual’s linguistic motivation, which is particularly perceptible in attitudes and opinions towards Basque and its promotion. To this should be added the density of Basque speakers in the speaker’s social network, enabling him to speak Basque. These factors feed into each other, creating a cumulative phenomenon.