Elearning, educação online e educação aberta: contributos para uma reflexão teórica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.19.1.14356Palabras clave:
eLearning, Educação Online, Educação Aberta, Educação a Distância Online, OER, MOOCsResumen
O presente artigo resulta das reflexões desenvolvidas no âmbito do Observatório da Qualidade do Ensino a Distância e e-Learning sediado na Universidade Aberta e, ainda, da participação na docência do curso “MOOCs: Fundamentos e Práticas”. Trata-se de um artigo de natureza eminentemente teórica que pretende ser um contributo para a delimitação do universo concetual da Educação Online. Neste texto, são explorados os conceitos de e-Learning, Educação Online e Educação Aberta Virtual. Em primeiro lugar, aborda-se a diversidade de conceções sobre o e-Learning para, depois, se propor uma definição do conceito. Em segundo lugar, enquadra-se a Educação Online no espetro da Educação a Distância. E, em terceiro lugar, são propostos alguns referenciais para a caracterização do conceito de Educação Aberta na sociedade digital e dos seus movimentos atuais mais relevantes: os Recursos Educativos Abertos (OER) e os Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC). Em relação aos OER salienta-se que a matriz desse movimento ultrapassa o mero acesso a conteúdos e recursos e associa-se a uma nova filosofia educativa, a novos valores baseados na abertura, na ética da participação e na colaboração (Peters, 2008). No âmbito da reflexão sobre os MOOC, dá-se destaque à ecologia de aprendizagem específica desses cursos e sublinha-se a necessidade de reconceptualizar conceitos tradicionais, como o de inscrição, participação, frequência, aproveitamento do estudante, na senda da investigação desenvolvida por DeBoer, Ho, Stump & Breslow (2014). Finalmente, reitera-se a dispersão de conceções sobre e-Learning, Educação Online e Educação Aberta e propõe-se que a investigação em Educação a Distância seja um referencial central para a redução da entropia atualmente existente nas Instituições de Ensino Superior Presencial, relativamente à apropriação de conceitos-chave da Educação a Distância Online.
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