The discourse on the discourse of mental illness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33898/rdp.v10i10.937Keywords:
schizophrenia, psychotherapyAbstract
Classical psychiatry has frequently emphasized linguistic phenomena in psychopathology, especially in relation to schizophrenia; however, this focus has not studied language nuances, characteristic of emotional ilness as variants in expressive styles, rather the focus has been on particularities in speech as representative of disturbed thought processes. This article examines the vicissitudes in the study of schizophrenic language from the mid-nineteenth century and shows how these past developments have given rise to confusion regarding the mental status of the psychologically disturbed. To remedy this confusion the present article proposes alternate forms of conceptualizing the linguistic phenomena associated with psychopathology, advocating for the conceptualizing of language particularities in psychopatologies as specific differential expressive styles, as can be demonstrated with the examples of schizophrenia and obsessive disorder.
Downloads
References
AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION (1980): Breve referenciaa los criterios diagnésticos (DSM-II). Barcelona, 1983. Masson. ANDREASEN, N.C. (1979): Thought, langage and communication disorders.
Clinical Assessment definition of terms, and evaluation of their reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39; 1315-1323.
ANDREASEN, N.C. (1982): Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Definition and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39; 784-788.
ANDREASEN, N.C. y GROVE, W. (1979): The relationship between schizophrenic language manic language,
AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION (1980): Breve referenciaa los criterios diagnésticos (DSM-II). Barcelona, 1983. Masson.
ANDREASEN, N.C. (1979): Thought, langage and communication disorders. Clinical Assessment definition of terms, and evaluation of their reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39; 1315-1323.
ANDREASEN, N.C. (1982): Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Definition and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39; 784-788.
ANDREASEN, N.C. y GROVE, W. (1979): The relationship between schizophrenic language manic and aphasia. North-Holland Biomedical Press. Elsevier.
ARFOUILLOUX, J.C. y otros (1974): L'Antipsychiatrie. Paris, P.U.F.
ARIETI, $.(1955): Interpretazione della schizophrenia. Milano, 1963. FELTRINELLI.
ARIETI, $. (1964): Problem di psicoterapia. Milano, 1973. FELTRINELLI.
AYUSO, J.L.(1979): Estudio comparativo de la redundancia del lenguaje esguizofrénico. Actas Luso-espafiolas de Neurologta, Psiguiairia y Ciencias Afines. Vol. VI- 2% etapa. n* 1; 21-21.
BALTAXE, Ch. y SIMMONS, J.O. (1987): Pragmatic deficits in emotionally disturbed children and adolescents, en Schiefelbusch (ed.): Language Perspeciives Il: Pragmauics. Texas. PRO-ED.
BALTAXE, Ch. (1990): Pragmaic Deficits and Emouonal Disorders. Intemational Pragmatics Conference. Barcelona, 1990.
BASAGLIA, F. (1965): Corps, regard et silence. Evolution Psychiatrigue, 2.
BATESON, G. y RUESCH, J. (1951): The Social Matrix of Psychiatry. New York: Norton.
BATESON, G; JACKSON, D: HALEY, J. y WEAKLAND, J. (1980): Hacia una teorfa de la esguizofrenia, En y otros: Jueraccién familiar. B. Aires, 1982. La Bahia.
BELINCHON, M. (1987): Esguizofrenia y lenguaje, en Ruiz-Vargas (ed.): Esguizofrenia: un enfogue cognitivo. Madrid. Alianza.
BERRENDONNER, A. (1981): Eléments de Pragmatigue linguistigue. Paris. Minuit.
BERRENDONNER, A.iREICHELER-BÉÊGUELIN, M.J. (1989): Décalages: les niveaux d'analyse linguistigue. Langages, 81; 99-125.
BINSWANGER, L. (1954): Le rêve et existence. Paris. Desclée de Brouwer.
BION, W.R. (1977): El esguizofrénico y el lenguaje, en Anzieu, D. (ed.): Psicoandlisis y lenguaje. Buenos Aires, 1981. Kapelusz.
BION, W.R. (1963): Experiencias en grupos. Buenos Aires. Paidos.
BLANC, C. (1955): La méthode phênomenologigue ei la psychiatrie. Paris. P.U.F.
BLEULER, E. (1911): Dementia praecox: or the group of schizophrenias. New York, 1950. Intemational University Press.
BOBON (1952): /utroduction historigue & ' étude des néologismes ei des glossolalies en psychopathologie. Paris. Masson.
BOBON (1947): Préambule a Vétude des néologismes et des glossolalies. Journal belge neurologie et psychtiatrie, 47.
CAMERON, N. (1944): Experimental analysis of schizophrenic thinking, en KASANIN, J.S. (ed.) Language and thought in schizophrenia. Berkeley. University of California Press.
CAMERON, N. (1939): Deterioration and regression in schizophrenic thinking. Journal of Abnormal Soc. Psychol., 34
CALLIERI, B. & SEMERARI (1959): La simulazione di malattia mentale. Roma: Abruzzini.
CARUSO, I. (1966): E1 psicoandlisis, lenguaje ambiguo. México. F.C.E.
CHAIKA, E. (1974): A linguistic looks at schizophrenic language. Brain and language, 1; 251-276.
CHAIKA, E. (1981): How shall a discourse be understood?. Discourse Processes, d; 71-78.
CHAIKA, E. (1982): A unified explanation for the diverse structural deviations reparted for adult schizophrenics with disrupted speech. Journal of Communication Disorders, 15; 167-189.
CHAPMAN, L.J. (1960): Confusion of figurative and literal usages of words by schizophrenics and braindammaged patients. Journal Abnorm. Soc. Psychol. 60 (3); 412-416.
CHAPMAN, J.D. (1966): The early symptoms of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 122.
CHAPMAN, L.J. y RATTAN, R.B. (1973): Associative intrussions in schizophrenic verbal behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychol., 82.
COOPER, D. (1967): Psiguiatria y antipsiguiatria. Buenos Aires, 1971. Paidos.
COOPER, D. (1968): The language of madness. Londres. Penguin.
COTTT E. y VIGEVANI, R. (1970): Contro la psichiatria. Firenze. Nuova Ttalia.
DASTON, P.G. (1957): Perception of idiosincratically familiar words. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 7; 3-6.
DUCROT, O. (1980): Analyses pragmatigues. Communications, 32; 40-54.
DUCROT, O. (1984): Le dire et le dit. Paris. Minuit.
DUCROT.O. (1987): Dialogue et connecteurs propositionnels: sémantigue et pragmatigue. Languefrangaise, 75; 17-33.
EPSTEIN, W. (1961): The influence of sintactic structure on leaming. American Journ. Psychol., 74; 80-85.
EY, H. (1956): Rêve et existence. L'Évolution Psychiatrigue, janv.-mars 1956.
FLAVELL y otros (1958): A microgenetic approach to word association. J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., 57. FORNARI, F. (1966): Nuovi orientamenti nella psicoanalisi. Milano. Feltrinelli.
FORNARI, F. (1976): Simbolo e codice. Milano. Feltrinelli.
FREUD, $. (1945): Psicopatologia della vita guotidiana. Torino, 1965. Boringhieri.
GALLPERIN, P.J. y GOLUBOVA, R.A. (1933): Mekhanizmy parafaziy komplieksnovo typa. Sovietskaia psikhonevrologia, 6
GEORGE, F. (1979): L'effet 'yau de poële'. De Lacan et des lacaniens. Paris. Hachette.
GOLDSTEIN (1948): Language and language disturbances. New York. Grune & Stratton.
GOTTSCHALK, L.A. y GLESER, G.C. (1964): Distinguishing characteristics of the verbal communications of schizophrenic patients, en McRioch, D. y Weinstein, E.A. (eds.): Disorders of communication. Baltimore. Williams & Wilkins.
GOTTSCHALK, L.A. (1971): Comparative Psycholinguistic Analysis of two Psychotherapeutic Interviews. New York. International University Press.
GREIMAS, A.J. (1966): Sémantgue structurale. Paris. Larousse.
GREIMAS, A.J. (1976): Pour une théorie des modalités. Langages n* d3.
GREIMAS, A.J. y COURTES, J. (1979): $émiotigue. Dictionnaire raisonné de la théorie du langage. Paris. Hachette.
GROSS, L. (1985): Contribugao para o Estudo da Linguagem do Esguizofrênico através do Andlise Semiotica do Discurso feita segundo A.J. Greimas. 1* parte. Revista de Psiguiatria Clfnica, 12; 68-80.
GROSS, L. (1986): Contribugao para o Estudo da Linguagem do Esguizofrênico Através do Andlise Semiotica do Discurso feita segundo A.J. Greimas. 2” parte. Revista. Psiguiatria Clinica, 13; 3-20. HALLIDAY MA.K. y HASAN, R. (1976): Cohesion in English. Londres. Longman.
HEYWARD, DM. y VARIGAS, M. (1977): Anti-psiguiatria: una controversia sobre la locura. Madrid: Fundamentos. oo
IRIGARAY, L. (1967): Approche d'une grammaire d'énonciation de V'hystérigue et de Vobsessionel. Langages n $. Mars 1967 IRIGARAY, L. (1987): L'ordre sexuel du discours. Langages n* 85. Mars 1987.
JAKOBSON, R. y HALLE, M. (1956): Fundamentos del lenguaje. Madrid, 1967. Ciencia nueva.
KASANIN (1944): Language and thought in schizophrenia. Berkeley. University of California Press.
KEENAN , E. y SCHIEFFELIN, B. (1987): Topic as a discourse notion, en LI, C. (ed.): Subject and Topic. NewYork. Academic Press.
KRAEPELIN, E. (1905): Lecons de Psychiatrie. Paris, 1970. Privat.
KRAEPELIN, E. (1919): Dementia praecox and paraphrenia (R.M. Barclay, transc.). Edinburgh. E.& $,
KRUTTING, C. y KIRCHNER, D. (1987): A clinical appraisal of the pragmatic aspects of language. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 52; 105-119.
LACAN, J. (1956): La psychanalyse sur la parole et le langage. Paris. P.-U.F.
LADD, R. (1980): The Structure of Intonational Meanings: Evidence from English. Indiana University Press.
LADD,R.; SCHERER, K.R. y SILVERMAN, K.E.A. (1986): An Integrated Approach to Studying Intonation and Attitude, en Jhons-Lewis (ed): Intonation and Discourse. Londres: Croom Helm.
LAGUNA, E. (1988): Esguizofrénia i obsessië: dos tipus de nivells de discurs. Tesis doctoral. Universitat de Barcelona.
LAGUNA,E. (1991): Schizophrénie et obsession: deux typologies discoursives. Rassegna italiana di linguistica Applicata. Bulzoni ED. Anno XXU1. N* 3. Set.-dic. 1991; 155-167.
LAGUNA, E. (1991): Esaguizofrenia y obsesién: dos tipos de discurso. Revista de Psiguiatria de la Facultad de Medicina de Barcelona. Vol. XV, N* 6. Nov.-Dic. 1991.
LAGUNA, E. (1992): E1 discurs de la malaltia mental. Barcelona: Empuries (en prensa). LAGUNA,E.y VAYREDA, A. (1992): Modelos lingiifsticos aplicables al andlisis del discurso “esguizofrénico'. Anuario de Psicologia (En prensa).
LANTERI-LAURA, G. (1981): La connaissance clinigue: histoire et structure en médicine. L'Evolution Psychiatrigue, tome 47. Fasc. 2, Avril-Juin 1981.
LECOURS, A.R.y VANIER-CLÊMENT, M. (1976): Schizophasia and jargonaphasia. A comparative description with comments on Chaika's and Fromkin's respective looks at 'schizophrenic' language. Brain and language, 3.
LEFÊVRE, Ch. (1892): Émrude clinigue des néologismes en médicine mentale. Paris. Jouvé.
LURIA, AR. (1980): Jntroduccién evolucionista a la psicologia. Barcelona. Fontanella.
LURIA, AR. (1980): Pensamiento y lenguaje. Barcelona. Fontanella.
MABRY, M. (1955): Language characteristics of scattered and non-scattered schizophrenics compared with normals. Dissert. Abst., 75. MAHL, G.F. (1959): Measuring the patient's anxiety during interviews from
'expressive' aspects of his speech. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 21.
MAINGUENEAU, D. (1977): Jntroduction aux méthodes de / Analyse du discours. Paris. Hachette.
MAINGUENEAU, D. (1987): Nouvelles tendances en analyse du discours. Paris. Hachette.
MAINGUENEAU, D.(1988): Langue et discours: la linguistigue et son double. D.R.LA.V., 39; 21-32.
MAHER, B.A. (1972): The language of schizophrenia: a review and interpretation. Britisk Journal of Psychiatry,
; 3-17. MANCHSRECK, T.C. MAHER, B.A. y RUCKLOS, M.E. (1980): Cloze Procedure and
Written Language in Schizophrenia. Language and Speech. Vol. 23. Pan 4. Oct,-Dec. 1980.
MANNONI, M. (1973): E1 lenguaje en el esguizofrénico. Cuadernos Sigmund Freud, 213; 73-81.
MARTIN, R. (1987): Langue et croyance. Bruselas. Mardaga.
MAYNARD, D. (1990): On #he Interactional and Institutional Bases of Asymmetry in Clinical Discourse. 1990
Intemational Pragmatics Conference. Barcelona.
MEUNIER, A. (1981): Grammaires du frangais et modalités. Matériaux pour |'histoire d'une nébuleuse.
D.RLAV.,25; V9-144.
MINKOWSKIT (1936): Vers une cosmologie. Paris. Aubier.
MINKOWSKI (1966): Traité de Psychopathologie. Paris. P.U.F.
MOYA, J. (1990): Andlisis formal del lenguaje esguizofrénico. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Barcelona.
OBIOLS, J. y OBIOLS, JE. (1988): Esguizofrenia. Barcelona: Martinez Roca.
OBIOLS, J. (1991): Sintagma i paradigma en / esguizofdsia. Un estudi psicopatolingiifstic. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Barcelona.
OSGOOD, Ch; SOUCI, G.J. y TANENBAUM, P.H. (1957): La medida del significado. Madrid, 1976. Gredos.
PAVY, D. (1968): Verbal behavior in Schizophrenia: A review of recent studies. Psychological Bulletin, 70.
PHILLIPS, L. (1953): Case history data and prognosis in schizophrenia. J. Nerv. Ment. Disord., 117: 515-525.
PIRO, $. (1967): H linguaggio schizofrenico. Milano. Feltrinelli.
RACAMIER, P.C. (1980): Les schizophrênes. Paris. Payot.
ROCHESTER, S.R. y MARTIN, J.R. (1979): Crazy Talk. A Study of te Discourse of Schizophrenic Speakers. New York. Plenum.
RONDAL, J.A. y SERON, X. (1988): 7rastornos del lenguaje, 11. Barcelona. Paidos.
ROSENZWEIG, M.R. (1958): Etudes sur association des mots. Annde Psychologigue, 57.
SALZINGER, K. (1973): Language: its regulatory and communicative functions in schizophrenia: Behavioral Aspecis. New York. John Wiley.
SCHERER, K.R. (1979): Nonlinguistic Vocal Indicators of Emotion and Psychopathology, en Izard, C.E. (ed): Emotions in Personality and Psychopathology. New York: Plenum.
SCHERER, K.R. (1981): Speech and Emotional States, en Darby, J. (ed.): The Evaluation of Speech in Psychiatry and Medicine. New York. Grune & Stratton.
SÊGLAS, J. (1892): Les troubles du langage chez les alienés. Paris. Asselin et Houzean.
SLUSZKI, C. y VERON, E. (1979): Comunicacién y neurosis. Buenos Aires. Paidos.
STRYKER, Sh. (1980): Symbolic interaction. A Social Structural Version. Menlo Park Col. Benjamin & Cummings.
SZASZ, Th. (1976): Schizophrenia: the sacred symbol of psychiatry. New York. Doubleday.
TAYLOR, P. y FLEMINGER, J.J. (1984): Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141.
VAN DIJK, T.A. (1978): Texto y contexto. Madrid, 1984. Catedra.
VOLLMAT, R. (1956): L'art psychopathologigue. Paris. P.U.F.. - VOLLMAT, R. (1958): La schizophrénie par la image. Paris. Chavanne. VON DOMARUS (1925): Las leyes especificas de la légica en la esguizofrenia, en Kasanin (ed.) (1944): Lenguaje y pensamiento en la esguizofrenia. Buenos Aires, 1958. Hormé.
VYGOTSKY, L.S. (1979): E1 desarrollo de los procesos psicolégicos superiores. Barcelona, 1980. Grijalbo.
WATZLAWICK, P.; BEAVIN y JACKSON, D.D. (1967): Unie logigue de la communication. Paris, 1981. Seuil.
WEBER, E.G. y BALTAXE, Ch. A. (1990): Self-Initiated Repair in the Talk of a Communication Disordered
Schizophrenic. 1990 International Pragmatics Conference. Barcelona.
WHITE, M.A. (1969): A Study of schizophrenic language. Journal Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., 44.
WROBEL, J. (1990): Language and schizophrenia. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
