Efectos y Particularidades del Uso del Mindfulness en el Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33898/rdp.v27i103.106Palabras clave:
mindfulness, trastorno límite de la personalidad, terapia dialéctico-conductual, descentramiento.Resumen
Distintos estudios muestran que los sujetos con trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP) presentan –respecto a controles sanos– una menor capacidad de mindfulness, entendida como la habilidad para prestar atención al momento presente de forma no-evaluativa y no-reactiva. Parecería ser que estos déficits en la capacidad de mindfulness se relacionan con algunas de las características del trastorno como la disregulación emocional, la impulsividad o las dificultades en el área interpersonal, y que, el hecho de haber sufrido abuso sexual en la infancia también contribuiría a una menor capacidad de mindfulness. Estudios en los que se han evaluado los efectos del entrenamiento en mindfulness en pacientes con TLP sugieren que éste se relaciona con mejorías en algunos parámetros atencionales (i.e., capacidad de inhibir respuestas) y de impulsividad (i.e., habilidad para tolerar recompensas, percepción temporal). Además, la práctica de mindfulness se asocia con un aumento de la capacidad de descentramiento, describir, no-juzgar y no reaccionar, y con una disminución de la sintomatología límite. En conjunto, la literatura actual sugiere que el mindfulness es eficaz para el tratamiento del TLP, y que intervenciones de este tipo deberían hacer especial énfasis en trabajar aspectos actitudinales del mindfulness, como la capacidad de no-juzgar.Descargas
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