The research process as a system of problems: a reconstruction of its logic and structure based on seven questions

Abstract

A model of analysis about the research process as a whole is proposed based on seven basic questions: what, who or what things, where, when, how, for what purpose and why to investigate. The aim is to reconstruct the logic commanding the definition of a phenomenon individuated conceptually, spatiotemporally as an object of knowledge, and also the modes, objectives and purposes of an inquiry. These seven questions constitute a system of basic problems that, according to the hypothesis of a unified method, account for any research process. The said hypothesis is grounded on a dialectical perspective which highlights some of the fundamental tensions running through the process: available and attainable knowledge, theoretical, abstract and general contents as well as empirical, concrete and singular contents; scientific concepts and common sense. Moreoever, a number of practical consequences are highlighted which can contribute to the teaching of methodology, in addition to the planning and formulation of a research project. This is exemplified by an interdisciplinary research project in the Social Sciences of Labour.