El carácter transdiagnóstico de las intrusiones mentales: una revisión y una propuesta basada en datos.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/rppc.vol.23.num.2.2018.20738Palabras clave:
Intrusiones mentales, transdiagnóstico, trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, trastorno dismórfico corporal, hipocondría, trastornos alimentarios.Resumen
Abstract: The transdiagnostic nature of mental intrusions: A review and data-based proposal. The objective of a transdiagnostic perspective in psychopathology is to better understand the commonalities among clinically different mental disorders on the basis of a set of shared etiopathogenic dimensions and processes. Unwanted intrusive cognitions (UI) and their functional consequences had been proposed as symptom dimensions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), Hypochondriasis (HYP) and Eating Disorders (EDs). In this article, we review the empirical data about the putative transdiagnostic nature of UI and their functional consequences in the four mentioned disorders. Firstly, the results about the universality and dimensionality of UI with contents of each disorder are reviewed. Secondly, data about UI as common symptom dimensions in OCD and EDs are presented. Finally, we offer information about our current research about the hypothetical transdiagnostic nature of UI with obsessional, dysmorphic, hypochondriac, and eating-disorders contents. Keywords: Mental intrusions; transdiagnostic; obsessive-compulsive disorder; body dysmorphic disorder; hypochondriasis; eating disorders.
Resumen: El propósito de adoptar un enfoque transdiagnóstico en psicopatología es comprender las comunalidades entre trastornos mentales clínicamente diferentes sobre la base de un rango de dimensiones y procesos etiopatogénicos compartidos. Las intrusiones mentales no deseadas (IM) y sus consecuencias funcionales se han propuesto como dimensiones de síntomas en el Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo (TOC), el Trastorno Dismórfico Corporal (TDC), la Hipocondría (HIP) y los Trastornos Alimentarios (TA). Este artículo resume y actualiza los datos disponibles sobre el potencial valor transdiagnóstico de las intrusiones mentales y sus consecuencias funcionales en los cuatro trastornos mencionados. Se presentan, primero, los resultados sobre la universalidad y dimensionalidad de IM con contenidos característicos de cada trastorno; segundo, los datos sobre las IM como dimensiones de síntomas comunes en el TOC y los TA; por último, se aporta información sobre una investigación propia cuyo objetivo es poner a prueba la hipótesis del carácter transdiagnóstico de IM obsesivas, dismórficas, hipocondríacas y alimentarias.
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