Religion and politics under the Salazar regime: the problem of Catholic Church property and the resolution of the ‘religious question’
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/etfv.26.2014.12223Keywords:
Oliveira Salazar, Portugal, Catholic Church, Law of Separation, Ecclesiastical PropertyAbstract
This article deals with the strategies and solutions that Salazar, the Portuguese episcopate and Vatican diplomacy developed in order to address one of the issues that put most strain on the relationship between the Portuguese state and the Catholic Church up to the mid-twentieth century, namely the problem of the ecclesiastical property that had come into the hands of the state and its administrative organs as a result of the 1911 Law of Separation [of Church and state]. It examines the principal legal documents that governed the status of this property between 1926 and 1953. It also considers the main accords made concerning that property and its use, especially the agreement of 1 November 1940, which was signed without any publicity, and which has remained unknown to the wider public until this research was conducted. Based on legal sources and on official correspondence between the political establishment and the religious authorities, the present study reveals how the Estado Novo handled the property aspect of the so-called ‘religious question’, which, despite being fundamental to overcoming that dispute, has to date been little considered by historiography.
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