Intervención psicológica para el control de la ansiedad en un deportista español de lucha grecorromana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.14.2.15785Palabras clave:
lucha grecorromana, ansiedad, rendimiento, habilidades psicológicas, greco roman wrestling, anxiety, performance, mental skillsAgencias Financiadoras:
Master en Psicología de la Actividad Física y el Deporte UAMResumen
Resumen
Este trabajo describe la intervención de caso único con un luchador de la selección española de lucha grecorromana. El objetivo de esta intervención fue disminuir la ansiedad precompetitiva para incrementar el rendimiento deportivo mediante un programa de habilidades psicológicas basado en técnicas de visualización, parada de pensamiento, reestructuración cognitiva y establecimiento de rutinas precompetitivas. Se utilizó el CSAI-2R antes, durante y después de la intervención como medida de la ansiedad. También se utilizaron registros para la visualización, parada de pensamiento, reestructuración cognitiva y rutinas precompetitivos específicamente diseñados para el caso. Los resultados muestran que, tras la intervención, los niveles de ansiedad precompetitiva disminuyeron notablemente y el rendimiento deportivo aumentó con buenos resultados durante las competiciones.
Abstract
This paper describes a single-case psychological intervention with a Spanish National Greco-Roman Wrestling Team wrestler. The aim of the intervention was to reduce pre-competitive anxiety in order to increase his athletic performance through a psychological skills program based on mental imagery, thought stopping, cognitive restructuring and pre-competitive routines. The CSAI-2R was used before, during and after the intervention for assessing anxiety. Self-monitoring registers for mental imagery, thought stopping, cognitive restructuration and precompetitive routines specifically designed for this case were also used. Results showed the athlete highly reduced precompetitive anxiety and increase athletic performance.
Descargas
Citas
Anchique, F. (2006). Efectos de la autosugestión positiva en el incremento de la efectividad del servicio en tenistas de campo. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 1(1), 13-26.
Andrade, E. M., Lois, G. y Arce, C. (2007). Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del inventario de ansiedad competitiva CSAI‐2R en deportistas. Psicothema, 19, 150-155.
Barbas, I., Kouli, O., Bebetsos, E., Mirzaei, B. y Curby, D. G. (2011). The relationship between emotions and confidence among wrestling athletes in Greece. International Journal of Wrestling Science, 1 (1), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/21615667.2011.10878917
Berengüi, R., López, J. M., Garcés, E. J. y Almarcha, J. (2011). Factores psicológicos y lesiones deportivas en lucha olímpica y taekwondo. Revista de Ciencias del Deporte, 7 (Supl), 91-98.
Callan, S., Brunner, D., Devolve, K., Mulligan, S., Hesson, J., Wilber, R. y Kearney, J. (2000). Physiological profiles of elite freestyle wrestlers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 14, 162-169.
Chiu, D. (2005). Wrestling: Rules, tips, strategy, and safety. New York: Rosen Central.
Coulon, P. (1962). Fifty Years of Greco-Roman and Freestyle Wrestling in the FILA. Lausanne: FILA.
Cox, R. H., Martens, M. P. y Russel W. D. (2003). Measuring anxiety in athletics: The revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 519-533.
Craft, L., Magyar, T., Becker, B. y Feltz D. (2003). The Relationship Between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and Sport Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 44-65.
Driskell, J., Copper, C. y Moran, A. (1994). Does Mental Practice Enhance Perfomance? Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 481-492. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.481
Emara, A. (2012). Strategies of mental imagery and it's relation to some psychological variables in sport of wrestling. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 6, 167-172. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjss.2012.6.2.1131
Estrada, O. y Pérez, E. (2008). Palabras e imágenes positivas en la respuesta de ansiedad en deportistas de competición. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 8(1), 31- 45.
Franchini, E., Brito, C. J. y Artioli, G. G. (2012). Weight loss in combat sports: psychological, physiological and performance effects. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 9, 52-56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-52
Gould, D., Eklund, R. C. y Jackson, S. A. (1992a). 1988 U.S. Olympic wrestling excellence: I. mental preparation, precompetitive cognition, and affect. The Sport Psychologist, 6, 358-382.
Gould, D., Eklund, R. C. y Jackson, S. A. (1992b). 1988 U.S. Olympic wrestling excellence: Thoughts and affect occurring during competition. The Sport Psychologist, 6, 383-402.
Isik, O., Gökdemir, K., Bastik, C., Yildirim, I. y Dogan, I. (2013). A study on elite wrestlers: weight loss and depression. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 7, 216-223.
Karimi, M., Keshavarz., S., Javad., M. J. y Etaati, A. (2013). Mood changes during a period of incremental training and following tapering strategies in elite male wrestlers. International Journal of Wrestling Science, 3(1), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/21615667.2013.10878969
Kasum, L. B. (2007). Interconection between come psychological characteristics of elite wrestlers and their main scoring techniques. Physical Culture, Journal of Sport Science and Physical Education, 61(1-2), 1-24.
Korobeynikov, G., Korobeinikova, L. y Shatskih, V. (2013a). Psychophysiological diagnostics of the functional states in wrestlers. International Journal of Wrestling Science, 3(2), 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/21615667.2013.10878983
Korobeynikov, G., Korobeinikova, L. y Shatskih, V. (2013b). Age, psycho-emotional states and stress resistance in elite wrestlers. International Journal of Wrestling Science, 3(1), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/21615667.2013.10878970
Korzhenevsky, A. N. (2012). Diagnosis of fitness in highly qualified wrestlers. International Journal of Wrestling Science, 2(2), 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/21615667.2012.10878959
Kul, M., Görücü, A., Özal, M., Yaman, N., Çeti̇nkaya, E., Genç, H. y Demi̇rhan, B. (2012). The investigation of state anxiety level of wrestling national team athletes in national team and club competitions. Ovidius University Annals, Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health Series, 12(2), 182-186.
León, J., Fuentes, I. y Calvo, A. (2011). Ansiedad estado y autoconfianza pre-competitiva en gimnastas. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 7, 76-91. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2011.02301
López, J. M., García, L., Berengüi, R., Martínez, A., Morales, V., Torres, M. D. y Díaz, A. (2011) Factores físicos y psicológicos del éxito en lucha olímpica. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20, 573-588.
López, J. M., Torres, M. D., Berengüi, R., Díaz, A., Martínez, A., Morales, V. y García, J. (2012). Rendimiento físico y psicológico en lucha olímpica: predictores del éxito en lucha femenina. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 21, 215-222.
Martínez, A., Morales, V. y Borrego, F. (2011). Factores neuromusculares relacionados con el rendimiento en lucha olímpica. Revista de Ciencias del Deporte, 7(Supl.), 99-106.
Matsumoto, D., Konno, J. y Ha, H. Z. (2009). Sport Psychology in Combat Sports. En R. Kordi., N. Maffulli, R. R. y S. Wellby (Eds.) Combat Sport Medicine. (pp. 41-53). UK: Springer.
Montero, C., Moreno-Murcia, J. A., González Ponce, I, Pulido, J. J. y Cervelló, E. M. (2012). Ansiedad estado precompetitiva en judocas. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, 7(1), 26-43. https://doi.org/10.18002/rama.v7i1.43
Moritz, S. E., Feltz, D. L., Fahrbach, K. R. y Mack, D. E. (2000). The relation of self-efficacy measures to sport performance: A meta-analytic review. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 71, 280-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2000.10608908
Murphy, S. M., Nordin, S. M. y Cumming, J. (2008). Imagery in Sport, Exercise and Dance. En T. S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport exercise psychology (3ª Ed., pp. 297-324). Champaign, IL.: Human Kinetics.
Omar, S., Binti, W. R., Abdullah, R. y Rashid, S. (2009). The Effectiveness of Imagery and Coping Strategies in Sport Performance. European Journal of Social Sciences, 9, 97-108.
Pain, M., Harwood, C. y Anderson, R. (2011). Pre-competition imagery and music: The impact on flow and performance in competitive soccer. The Sport Psychologist, 25, 212-232.
Pasque, C. y Hewett, T. (2000). A prospective study of high school wrestling injuries. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28, 509-515.
Podlivaev, B. A. y Korzhenevsky A. N. (2013). Variation of the performance in qualified wrestlers in Greco-Roman wrestling by their level of functional skills. International Journal of Wrestling Science, 3(2), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/21615667.2013.10878984
Ranjbari, S. y Chamanigoli, A. (2012). Relationship between goal orientation, perceived motivational climate and sources of confidence among elite and normal wrestlers. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2, 1755-1758.
Rushall, B. y Lippman, L. (1998). The role of imagery in physical performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29, 57-72.
Saad, A. H. (2012). Physiological Profile of the Young Egyptian Wrestlers. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 6, 45-50. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjss.2012.6.1.1110
Schandry, R. (1981). Heart beat perception and emotional experience. Psychophysiology, 18, 483-488. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02486.x
Starosta, W. y Fostiak, D. (2013). Levels of movement coordination in elite freestyle and classical style wrestlers in different training stages. International Journal of Wrestling Science, 3(1), 134-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/21615667.2013.10878977
Tazegül, Ü. (2012). The comparison of motivational levels of sportmen in the different individual branches. International Journal of Sport Studies, 2, 576-581.
Weinberg, R. S. y Gould, D. (2015). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology 6th ed. Champaigne, IL: Human Kinetics.
Woodman, T. y Hardy, L. (2003). The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance: a meta-analysis. Journal Sport Science, 21, 443-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000101809
Yoon, J. (2002). Physiological profiles of elite senior wrestlers. Sports Medicine, 32, 225-233. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232040-00002
Zylfi, S., Avni, H., Ermir, H. y Perparim, F. (2013). Physical profile of partizani team in Greek-Roman wrestling for youngsters. Science, Movement and Health, 13, 337-342.
