Perfil de Usuarios de Una Clínica Universitaria Durante El Estado de Alarma Sanitaria COVID 19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.18.1.29867Palabras clave:
covid-19, impacto psicológico, factores de riesgo, afrontamiento, resilienciaResumen
El presente estudio pretende analizar el perfil de los usuarios atendidos por el dispositivo especial de atención psicológica en línea habilitado por el Servicio de Psicología Aplicada (SPA) durante el primer período de alerta sanitaria COVID-19. La muestra, compuesta por 124 participantes (70.4% mujeres) con una edad promedio de 41.49 años cumplimentó las versiones abreviadas del Listado de síntomas SA-45, la medida de resultados clínicos CORE-OM, el Inventario de afrontamiento COPE-28 y la Escala de resiliencia de Connor-Davidson. Los resultados mostraron un perfil sociodemográfico formado mayoritariamente por mujeres estudiantes o del sector servicios, solteras y de nacionalidad española, con problemas previos de salud mental. Congruentemente con los motivos de consulta, mostraron predominantemente sintomatología de depresión, ansiedad y somatización, un deficiente uso de estrategias de afrontamiento y bajos niveles de resilencia. De las variables mencionadas puede extraerse un posible perfil de riesgo en población clínica que perfila un grupo vulnerable sobre el que se precisan medidas de prevención e intervención psicológicas.
Descargas
Citas
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5®). Autor.
Araujo, M., García, S. y García-Navarro, E. B. (2020). Abordaje del duelo y de la muerte en familiares de pacientes con COVID-19: Revisión narrativa [Approaching grief and Death in Family Members of Patients with COVID-19: Narrative Review]. Enfermería Clínica, 31, S112–S116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.05.011
Balluerka, N., Gómez, J., Hidalgo, M. D., Gorostiaga, A., Espada, J. P., Padilla, J. L. y Santed, M. A. (2020). Las consecuencias psicológicas de la COVID-19 y el confinamiento [The Psychological Consequences of COVID-19 and Confinement] [Informe de investigación]. Universidad del País Vasco. https://www.ciencia.gob.es/stfls/MICINN/Universidades/Ficheros/Consecuencias_psicologicasCOVID19.pdf
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N. y Rubin, G. J. (2020). The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and how to Reduce it: Rapid Review of the Evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Cabrera, E. A. (2020). Actividad física y efectos psicológicos del confinamiento por Covid-19 [Physical Activity and Psychological Effects of Confinement by Covid-19]. Revista INFAD de Psicología. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 2(1), 209–220. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2020.n1.v2.1828
Casagrande, M., Favieri, F., Tambelli, R. y Forte, G. (2020). The Enemy who Sealed the World: Effects Quarantine Due to the COVID-19 on Sleep Quality, Anxiety, and Psychological Distress in the Italian population. Sleep Medicine, 75, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.011
Conversano, C., Marchi, L. y Miniati, M. (2020). Psychological Distress among Healthcare Professionals Involved in the COVID-19 emergency: Vulnerability and Resilience Factors. Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of Treatment Evaluation, 17(2), 94–96. https://doi.org/10.36131/CN20200212
Connor, K. M. y Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new Resilience Scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Czeisler, M. E., Lane, R. I., Petrosky, E., Wiley, J. F., Christensen, A., Njai, R., Weaver, M. D., Robbins, R., Facer-Childs, E. R., Barger, L. K., Czeisler, C. A., Howard, M. E. y Rajaratnam, S. M. W. (2020). Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation During the COVID-19 Pandemic—United States, June 24–30, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(32), 1049–1057. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6932a1
Dosil, M., Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Redondo, I., Jaureguizar, J. y Picaza, M. (2020). Impacto psicológico de la COVID-19 en una muestra de profesionales sanitarios españoles [Psychological impact of COVID-19 on a Simple of Spanish Health Professionals]. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 14, 106–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.05.004
Fancourt, D., Steptoe, A. y Bu, F. (2021). Trajectories of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms during Enforced Isolation Due to COVID-19 in England: A Longitudinal Observational Study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(2), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30482-X
Favieri, F., Forte, G., Tambelli, R., y Casagrande, M. (2021). The Italians in the Time of Coronavirus: Psychosocial Aspects of the Unexpected COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, Artículo 551924. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.551924
Feixas, G., Evans, C., Trujillo, A., Saúl, L. A., Botella, L., Corbella, S., González, E., Bados, A, García-Grau, E. y López-González, M. A. (2012). La versión española del CORE-OM: Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure [Spanish Version of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM)]. Revista de Psicoterapia, 23(89), 109–135.
Garfin, D. R., Silver, R. C. y Holman, E. A. (2020). The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-2019) Outbreak: Amplification of Public Health Consequences by Media Exposure. Health Psychology, 39(5), 355–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000875
Kim, S.-W. y Su, K.-P. (2020). Using Psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 4–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.025
Li, L. Z. y Wang, S. (2020). Prevalence and Predictors of General Psychiatric Disorders and Loneliness during COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. Psychiatry Research, 291, Artículo 113267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113267
Morán, C., Landero, R. y González, M. T. (2010). COPE-28: un análisis psicométrico de la versión en español del Brief COPE [COPE-28: A Psychometric Analysis of the Spanish Version of the Brief COPE]. Universitas Psychologica, 9(2), 543–552.
Mortazavi, S. S., Assari, S., Alimohamadi, A., Rafiee, M. y Shati, M. (2020). Fear, Loss, Social Isolation, and Incomplete Grief Due to COVID-19: A Recipe for a Psychiatric Pandemic. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 11(2), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.2549.1
Notario-Pacheco, B., Solera, M., Serrano, M. D., Bartolomé, R.,García-Campayo, J. y Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2011). Reliability and Validity of the Spanish Version of the 10 item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10 item CDRISC) in Young Adults. Health Quality Life Outcomes, 9, 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-9-63
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2021). WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int
Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Idoiaga, N., Dosil, M. y Picaza, M. (2020). Psychological Symptoms During the Two Stages of Lockdown in Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Investigation in a Sample of Citizens in Northern Spain. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Artículo 1491. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01491
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B. y Xu, Y. (2020). A Nationwide Survey of Psychological Distress among Chinese People in the COVID-19 Epidemic: Implications and Policy Recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2), Artículo e100213. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
Reger, M. A., Stanley, I. H. y Joiner, T. E. (2020). Suicide Mortality and Coronavirus Disease 2019. A Perfect Storm? JAMA Psychiatry, 77(11), 1093–1094. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1060
Rodríguez-Rey, R., Garrido-Hernansaiz, H. y Collado, S. (2020). Psychological Impact and Associated Factors During the Initial Stage of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Among the General Population in Spain. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Artículo 1540. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01540
Sánchez-Villena, A. R. y de La Fuente-Figuerola, V. (2020). COVID-19: Cuarentena, aislamiento, distanciamiento social y confinamiento, ¿son lo mismo? [COVID-19: Quarantine, Isolation, Social Distancing and Lock Down: Are they the Same?]. Anales de Pediatría, 93(1), 73–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.05.001
Sandín, B., Valiente, R. M., Chorot, P., Santed, M. A. y Lostao, L. (2008). SA-45: Forma abreviada del SCL-90 [SA-45: A brief form of the SCL-90]. Psicothema, 20(2), 290–296.
Sandín, B., Valiente, R. M., García-Escalera, J. y Chorot, P. (2020). Impacto psicológico de la pandemia de COVID-19: Efectos negativos y positivos en población española asociados al periodo de confinamiento nacional [Psychological impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Negative and Positive Effects in Spanish People during the Mandatory National Quarantine]. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 25(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.5944/rppc.27569
Serafini, G., Parmigiani, B., Amerio, A., Aguglia, A., Sher, L. y Amore, M. (2020). The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health in the General Population. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(8), 531–537. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa201
Soler, M. I., Meseguer, M. y García, M. (2016). Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la escala de resiliencia de 10 ítems de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC 10) en una muestra multiocupacional [Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) in a Sample of Workers]. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 48(3), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.rlp.2015.09.002
Szcześniak, D., Gładka, A., Misiak, B., Cyran, A. y Rymaszewska, J. (2021). The SARS-CoV-2 and Mental Health: From Biological Mechanisms to Social Consequences. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 104, Artículo 110046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110046
Taquet, M., Luciano, S., Geddes, J. R. y Harrison, P. J. (2021). Bidirectional Associations between COVID-19 and Psychiatric Disorder: Retrospective Cohort Studies of 62 354 COVID-19 Cases in the USA. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(2), 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30462-4
Thombs, B. D., Bonardi, O., Rice, D. B., Boruff, J. T., Azar, M., He, C., Markham, S., Sun, Y., Wu, Y. y Krishnan, A. (2020). Curating Evidence on Mental Health during COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 133, Artículo 110113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110113
Torales, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. y Ventriglio, A. (2020). The Outbreak of COVID-19 Coronavirus and its Impact on Global Mental Health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(4), 317–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020915212
Trujillo, A., Feixas, G., Bados, A., García-Grau, E., Salla, M., Medina, J. C., Montesano, A., Soriano, J., Medeiros-Ferreira, L., Cañete, J., Coreblla, S., Grau, A., Lana, F. Y Evans, C. (2016). Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 1457–1466. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S103079
Wallace, C. L., Wladkowski, S. P., Gibson, A. y White, P. (2020). Grief During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Palliative Care Providers. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 60(1), e70–e76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.012
Wilder-Smith, A. y Freedman, D. O. (2020). Isolation, Quarantine, Social Distancing and Community Containment: Pivotal Role for Old-Style Public Health Measures in the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(2), Artículo taaa020. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa020
Wu, K. K., Chan, S. K. y Ma, T. M. (2005). Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Survivors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(1), 39–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20004
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
