Climas motivacionales, motivación autodeterminada, afectos y burnout en deportistas: enfoque multinivel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.14.1.19266Palabras clave:
metas de logro, auto-determinación, bienestar, malestar, deporte universitario, achievement goal, self-determination, well-being, ill-being, college sportsAgencias Financiadoras:
Investigación subvencionada por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CB-2012-01-183536 y Red Temática REDDECA).Resumen
Resumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo poner a prueba un modelo de mediación multinivel que examinó las relaciones entre la percepción del clima motivacional generado por los entrenadores a nivel de equipo y los afectos y el burnout a nivel individual, mediados por la motivación autodeterminada. Participaron 745 atletas universitarios de diversos deportes, con edades entre 17 a 28 años (M = 21.46, DT = 2.14) quienes completaron los instrumentos que evaluaban las variables del estudio (PMCSQ-2, SMS-II, PANAS y ABQ). Los resultados mostraron que a nivel individual (nivel intra), la motivación autodeterminada se relacionaba positivamente con el afecto positivo; por el contrario, se relacionaba negativamente con el afecto negativo y las tres dimensiones de burnout. A nivel del equipo (nivel entre), la percepción del clima de implicación en la tarea se relacionaba positivamente con la motivación autodeterminada, mientras que el clima de implicación en el ego se relacionaba negativamente con la motivación autodeterminada. De manera similar, la motivación autodeterminada se relacionaba positivamente con el afecto positivo y negativamente el afecto negativo, así como con las tres dimensiones del burnout. Tanto el clima de implicación en la tarea como el de implicación en el ego mostraron un efecto indirecto sobre el bienestar y el malestar a través de la motivación autodeterminada. Se sugiere a los entrenadores generar un clima de implicación en la tarea para potenciar el bienestar de los deportistas.
Abstract
This study aimed to test a multilevel mediation model that examined the relationship between the perceived motivational climate created by coaches at team level and the affects and burnout at individual level, as mediated by the self-determined motivation. Participants were 745 college athletes from various sports, aged 17 to 28 years old (M = 21.46, DT = 2.14) who completed the instruments that evaluated the study variables (PMCSQ-2, SMS-II, PANAS, and ABQ). The results showed that at the within-team level, self-determined motivation was positively related to positive affect; on the contrary, was negatively related to negative affect and three dimensions of burnout. At the between-team level, the perception of the task-involving climate was positively related to self-determined motivation, while the ego-involving climate was negatively related to self-determined motivation. Similarly, self-determined motivation was positively related to positive affect and negatively negative affect, as well as to the three dimensions of burnout. Both the task-involving climate and ego-involving climates showed an indirect effect on well-being and discomfort through self-determined motivation. It is suggested that coaches generate a task-involving climate to promote the well-being of athletes.
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