Visualizing Networks of Cultural Discourses in Latin American Electronic Literature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/rhd.vol.6.2021.30866Keywords:
Visualization, Electronic Literature, Network Analysis, Cultural Discourse Analysis, Latin American Digital Creations, InterdisciplinarityAbstract
There are relatively few studies that explore the interdisciplinarity between electronic literature and digital humanities research methods. The present paper addresses this lack by combining close reading and distant reading methodologies to analyze networks of cultural discourses in a corpus of 30 Latin American e-lit works published from 1995 to 2020. To conduct the research, three network graphs were created using Gephi, an open-source software for the exploration and analysis of network visualizations. The graphs study the following relations between the e-lit works and the cultural discourses: the frequency of primary, secondary and tertiary discourses, the degree of multi-discourse, and the degree of cultural discourse co-occurrence. The results show the appearance of unexpected discourse variations and new co-occurrence patterns, the benefits of network graphs for revealing e-lit works’ families, and the potential use of data visualization techniques to study e-lit databases. Overall, the paper demonstrates the utility of digital humanities research methods to further examine electronic literature materials.Downloads
References
Aburto, J. (2004). Grita. http://entalpia.pe/
Antología de poesía electrónica. (2018). Centro de Cultura Digital México. http://editorial.centroculturadigital.mx/pieza/antologia-de-poesia-electronica
Antologías de cuento digital Itaú. (2011). Itaú Fundación. https://www.antologiasitau.org/
Aranda, I. (2001). Amor Torbellino. http://www.escaner.cl/netart/_yto-digital.html
Bastian, M., Heymann, S., & Jacomy, M. (2009). Gephi: An open source software for exploring and manipulating networks. 3. https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/09/paper/view/154
Beiguelman, G. (2020). Coronário. https://coronario.ims.com.br/en/about
Benech, L. (2015). Paisajes. https://laurabenech.net/proyectos/
Boluk, S., Flores, L., Garbe, J., & Salter, A. (Eds.). (2016). The Electronic Literature Collection, Volume Three. Electronic Literature Organization. http://collection.eliterature.org/3
Bonato, A., D’Angelo, D. R., Elenberg, E. R., Gleich, D. F., & Hou, Y. (2016). Mining and Modeling Character Networks. In A. Bonato, F. C. Graham, & P. Prałat (Eds.), Algorithms and Models for the Web Graph (pp. 100–114). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49787-7_9
Bonino, A. (1999). Mr. President. https://vimeo.com/20323466
Borràs, L., Memmott, T., Ralay, R., & Stefans, B. (Eds.). (2011). The Electronic Literature Collection, Volume Two. Electronic Literature Organization. http://collection.eliterature.org/2
Bouchardon, S. (2014). Figures of Gestural Manipulation in Digital Fictions. In A. Bell, A. Ensslin, & H. Rustad (Eds.), Analyzing Digital Fiction (pp. 159–175). Routledge.
Brooke, C. G. (2009). Lingua Fracta: Toward a Rhetoric of New Media. Hampton Press.
Calcanhotto, A. (2011). Augusto. https://atlasldigital.wordpress.com/
Carbaugh, D. (2007). Cultural Discourse Analysis: Communication Practices and Cultural Encounters. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 36(3), 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475750701737090
Chiappe, D. (2015). Hotel Minotauro. https://www.domenicochiappe.com/hotel-minotauro/
Cociña, C. (2004). Setenta y uno. http://www.esteticasdigitales.cl/poesia-cero/
De la Torre, Y., Gómez, R., Nepote, M., & Baram, N. (2014). Umbrales. http://www.umbrales.mx
dos Santos, A. L., Duarte, R., & Rutes, V. (2019). E-Imigrações. http://nupill.ufsc.br/producao/e-imigracoes/
Eder, M. (2017). Visualization in stylometry: Cluster analysis using networks. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 32(1), 50–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqv061
EMargin. (2015). https://emargin.bcu.ac.uk/
Eyman, D. (2015). Digital Rhetoric: Theory, Method, Practice. University of Michigan Press.
Flores, L. (2017). La literatura electrónica latinoamericana, caribeña y global: Generaciones, fases y tradiciones. Artelogie. Recherche sur les arts, le patrimoine et la littérature de l’Amérique latine, 11. https://doi.org/10.4000/artelogie.1590
Flores, L., Kozak, C., & Mata, R. (Eds.). (2020). Antología Lit(e)Lat Volumen 1. Red de Literatura Electrónica Latinoamericana. Red de Literatura Electrónica Latinoamericana. http://antologia.litelat.net/
Fontén, G. (2010). Poema Terremoto. http://www.esteticasdigitales.cl/poema-del-terremoto/
Gainza, C. (2016). Cultura Digital Chile Project. http://culturadigitalchile.cl
Gainza, C., & Zuñiga, C. (Eds.). (2021). Cartografía de la Literatura Digital Latinoamericana: Visualización, archivo y preservación de obras literarias digitales. Universidad Diego Portales, Facultad de Comunicación y Letras. FONDECYT Chile. https://www.cartografiadigital.cl
Gandolfi, E. (2018). Enjoying death among gamers, viewers, and users: A network visualization of Dark Souls 3’s trends on Twitch.tv and Steam platforms. Information Visualization, 17(3), 218–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473871617717075
Gattass, L. (2012). Brazilian Electronic Literature Collection. ELMCIP. https://elmcip.net/research-collection/brazilian-electronic-literature-collection
Gee, J. P. (2014). An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method (4th ed.). Routledge.
Gil-Vrolijk, C., & Giraldo, C. (2004). El alebrije. http://www.elalebrije.org/
Goicoechea, M., & Sánchez, L. (2014). CIBERIA project. http://www.ciberiaproject.com/
Hayles, K. (2008). Electronic Literature: New Horizons for the Literary. University of Notre Dame Press.
Hayles, K., Montfort, N., Rettberg, S., & Strickland, S. (Eds.). (2006). The Electronic Literature Collection, Volume One. Electronic Literature Organization. http://collection.eliterature.org/1
Jänicke, S., Franzini, G., Cheema, M. F., & Scheuermann, G. (2015). On close and distant reading in digital humanities: A survey and future challenges. Eurographics Conference on Visualization (EuroVis)-STARs. The Eurographics Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.2312/eurovisstar.20151113
Jaramillo, A. (2017). Mandala. https://www.novelamandala.com/
JM, R., Aranda, L., & Gordillo, G. (2014). Tatuaje. https://editorial.centroculturadigital.mx/pieza/tatuaje
Jockers, M. L. (2013). Macroanalysis: Digital Methods and Literary History. University of Illinois Press.
Labatut, V., & Bost, X. (2019). Extraction and Analysis of Fictional Character Networks: A Survey. ACM Computing Surveys, 52(5), 89:1-89:40. https://doi.org/10.1145/3344548
Labbé, C. (2001). Pentagonal: Incluidos tú y yo. http://www.esteticasdigitales.cl/pentagonal/
Laüfer, M. (2017). Gorila Esquizo. http://www.miltonlaufer.com.ar/gorila/
López, C. (2015). Retratos vivos de mamá. https://www.retratosvivosdemama.co/
Marinho, F., dos Santos, A. L., Andrade-García, A., & Barbosa, R. (2013). Liberdade. https://www.ciclope.com.br/liberdade-english/#conteudo
Meza, N. (2019). Voces y figuras: Hacia una retórica digital de las obras de literatura electrónica latinoamericana. Texto Digital, 15(1), 39–65. https://doi.org/10.5007/1807-9288.2019v15n1p39
Moretti, F. (2005). Graphs, maps, trees: Abstract models for a literary history. Verso.
Ortiz, S. (2004). Bacterias Argentinas. http://moebio.com/santiago/bacterias/
Padín, C., & Venera, A. (2001). PanPaz_imagine. https://pan-paz.crosses.net
Pawlicka, U. A. (2016). Visualizing Electronic Literature Collections. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.2902
Pérez y Pérez, R. (2017). Mexica: 20 years–20 stories [20 años–20 historias]. http://www.rafaelperezyperez.com/profile/publications/
Pinto, R. C. (2004). Olhar Axolotes. https://elo-repository.org/museum-of-the-essential/arteonline4/definitionenglish.htm
Pose Rivero, L. (2018). Cae. http://salta.atwebpages.com/#cae
Prado, E. (2004). Hembros: Asedios de lo post humano. http://hembros-eugeniaprado.blogspot.com/
Rettberg, J. W. (2014). Visualising Networks of Electronic Literature: Dissertations and the Creative Works They Cite. Electronic Book Review. http://electronicbookreview.com/essay/visualising-networks-of-electronic-literature-dissertations-and-the-creative-works-they-cite/
Rettberg, S. (2014). An Emerging Canon? A Preliminary Analysis of All References to Creative Works in Critical Writing Documented in the ELMCIP Electronic Literature Knowledge Base. Electronic Book Review. http://electronicbookreview.com/essay/an-emerging-canon-a-preliminary-analysis-of-all-references-to-creative-works-in-critical-writing-documented-in-the-elmcip-electronic-literature-knowledge-base/
Rettberg, S. (2019). Electronic Literature. Polity Press.
Rocha, R. (2019). Atlas de Literatura Digital Brasileira. http://www.atlasldigital.ufscar.br
Rocha, R. (2021). Repositório da Literatura Digital Brasileira. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brasil. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). https://museu2.tainacan.org
Rodríguez, J. A. (2016). Memorias y Caminos. http://www.memoriasycaminos.com
Saemmer, A. (2015). Rhétorique du texte numérique: Figures de la lecture, anticipations de pratiques. Université de Lyon Presses de l’Enssib.
Seiça, Á. (2016). Digital Poetry and Critical Discourse: A Network of Self-References? MATLIT: Materialidades Da Literatura, 4(1), 95–123. https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-1_6
Taylor, C., & Pitman, T. (2013). Latin American Identity in Online Cultural Production. Routledge.
The Consortium on Electronic Literature (CELL). (2015). https://cellproject.net
The Electronic Literature Collections Vols. 1-3. (2006). https://collection.eliterature.org
The ELMCIP Electronic Literature Knowledge Base. (2010). http://elmcip.net/knowledgebase
Tisselli, E. (2014). El 27. http://motorhueso.net/27/
Uribe, A. M. (1997, 2003). Anipoems. http://www.vispo.com/uribe/index.html.
Vallias, A. (2003). Oratorio. https://www.andrevallias.com/oratorio/
Villeda, K. (2009). LABO/Laboratorio de ciberpoesía. http://www.poetronica.net/LABO/index.html
Wolfram Mathematica: The Worlds Definitive System for Modern Technical Computing. (2016). https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/
Zalbidea, M. (2014). Spanish Language Electronic Literature. ELMCIP. https://elmcip.net/research-collection/spanish-language-electronic-literature
Zerbarini, M. (2003). Tejido de memoria. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4B4-D7jIKI&feature=youtu.be
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Nohelia Meza
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
RHD provides immediate free access to its content under the principle that making research available to the public for free favors greater global knowledge sharing. RHD does not charge fees to authors for the submission or processing of articles
Users can read, download, distribute, print, search, partially reproduce or link to the texts without requesting prior permission from the editor or the author.
RHD does not charge fees to authors for the processing of works, nor fees for the publication of their articles.
RHD is free from the moment of the publication of each issue and its contents are distributed with Creative Commons license No Commercial 4.0 International , which allows the user free and open access, criteria that meet the definition of open access of the Budapest Declaration in favor of open access. This means that they can be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and exhibited publicly, provided that the authorship and the original source of their publication are cited (magazine, editorial and URL of the work, not used for commercial purposes, mention the existence and specifications of this license of use.
The authors retain the copyright and guarantee the journal the right to be the first publication of the work. The authors are free to distribute their work published in the magazine in other media, such as an institutional repository or inclusion in a book.
