The Concept of Landscape in Processual Archaeology and its Conceptual Tools: An Overview
El concepto de paisaje en la arqueología procesual y sus herramientas conceptuales: una visión general
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/etfi.18.2025.45956Palabras clave:
Arqueología teórica; Arqueología paisajística; Procesualismo; PaisajeResumen
Este artículo examina el concepto de paisaje en la arqueología procesual y sus herramientas conceptuales, centrándose en el mundo anglosajón. En este enfoque, el «paisaje» se equipara con el «medio ambiente» ecológico, basándose en la antropología ecológica estadounidense y la teoría de sistemas. Las culturas se consideran subsistemas adaptativos en equilibrio con los sistemas naturales, donde los cambios ambientales provocan respuestas socioculturales. El marco de Butzer analiza las escalas micro, meso y macroambientales utilizando técnicas como la fotointerpretación y la reconstrucción paleoambiental. El paisaje se considera dinámico, moldeado por la actividad humana, lo que respalda las explicaciones de los patrones demográficos y el auge y la caída de civilizaciones como la egipcia y la de Axum. Las herramientas cuantitativas, como el análisis de los patrones de asentamiento de Willey y la teoría del lugar central de Christaller, ayudan a identificar los patrones de comportamiento y la distribución de los recursos. Este enfoque funcionalista pasa por alto los aspectos simbólicos del paisaje.
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