Terapia transdiagnóstica y transteórica para el trastorno de personalidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33898/rdp.v29i110.249Palabras clave:
trastorno de personalidad, terapia transdiagnóstica, terapia transteórica, tratamiento psicológicoResumen
Este artículo sostiene que la evidencia de la limitada eficacia de las terapias especializadas en el trastorno de personalidad apunta a la necesidad de modelos de tratamiento transdiagnósticos y transteóricos. Las terapias actuales adoptan para el desarrollo de la terapia, en gran medida, un enfoque de escuela terapéutica y diagnóstico específico; cada corriente de pensamiento principal tiende a desarrollar su propio modelo de tratamiento para diagnósticos específicos. La relevancia de un enfoque de diagnóstico específico para el tratamiento se ve cuestionada dados los problemas consolidados reflejados en los diagnósticos actuales y el creciente reconocimiento de que las características generales del trastorno de personalidad y su gravedad son más provechosas para comprender el pronóstico que los diagnósticos específicos. Estos avances sugieren el empleo de un modelo de tratamiento transdiagnóstico. De forma similar, se cuestiona el enfoque de las escuelas de tratamiento, ya que no se han demostrado diferencias en la eficacia entre los modelos terapéuticos, ni la evidencia de que estas terapias arrojen mejores resultados que la terapia de apoyo o la atención médica general. Estos hallazgos indican la necesidad de un enfoque más integrado. La implementación del tratamiento transdiagnóstico y transteórico requiere una valoración más detallada sobre la patología de la personalidad, que la proporcionada por los diagnósticos actuales, para identificar las deficiencias que conforman los objetivos de cambio, y un esquema para organizar la terapia y coordinar la aplicación de una matriz ecléctica de intervenciones. El artículo describe una forma práctica de conceptualizar la valoración con fines de tratamiento y un marco para organizar y administrar la terapia.
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