La guerra de la Naturaleza, la carestía y la muerte como fuente del diseño de los seres vivos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5944/endoxa.46.2020.28849Palabras clave:
Filosofía de la Biología, Grafen, Evolución, Selección, Diseño BiológicoAgencias Financiadoras:
UNEDResumen
El proyecto del ‘Darwinismo Formal’ de Alan Grafen propone una formulación matemática de la teoría de Darwin que pretende demostrar que la selección natural moldea los rasgos fenotípicos a través de la maximización de la eficacia (fitness). El proyecto de Grafen reposa sobre tres premisas: (1) la selección natural es la única fuerza que moldea los fenotipos; (2) la eficacia es la única medida de le evolución; y (3) el diseño biológico surge como resultado de un proceso de optimización selectiva. En este trabajo argumentamos que estas tres premisas limitan la aplicabilidad del modelo a los hechos evolutivos más simples. Esto se debe a que Grafen implícitamente presupone un concepto de eficacia que es a la vez causa y efecto de las novedades fenotípicas; lo que, por un lado, vacía la teoría de Darwin de poder explicativo y, por el otro, lleva a ignorar la potencial contribución de fuerzas evolutivas no selectivas en la configuración de la complejidad biológica. Para superar estos escollos del proyecto de del Darwinismo Formal - que son además comunes a todos los modelos formales adaptacionistas - proponemos sustituir el concepto causal de eficacia por el de robustez, definiendo así el diseño biológico como forma y función en lugar de como maximización de la eficacia.Descargas
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