Las reacciones frente al maltrato de los animales de granja: el papel de la actitud hacia los animales y del especismo
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https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.20.2.39324Resumen
La defensa de los derechos de los animales ha contribuido a cuestionar la relación entre humanos y animales, centrándose en el maltrato animal. La ley ha sido reformada para amparar tanto a fauna protegida como a animales que viven bajo control humano, pasando de considerarlos de cosas a seres sintientes. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación del especismo y las actitudes hacia los animales con la percepción del maltrato a los animales de granja, teniendo en cuenta el género y el lugar de residencia, y controlando la deseabilidad social. Participaron en este estudio 457 personas, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 73 años. El 73 % eran mujeres y el 63.7% vivía en zonas urbanas. Respondieron en línea a un cuestionario que incluía escenarios de maltrato de animales de granja, la Animal Attitude Scale, la Especiesim Scale y la Social Desiderability Scale. Los resultados mostraron que la percepción del maltrato de animales de granja, y la disposición a intervenir para detenerlo, estaban más relacionadas con las actitudes hacia los animales que con el especismo. Además, los participantes que vivían en zonas rurales fueron más especistas, pero no tuvieron actitudes más negativas que los que vivían en zonas urbanas. Los resultados se discuten en términos de si la ley debería considerar a todos los animales por igual, independientemente de la percepción social, como en el caso de los distintos géneros y etnias, o si debería hacer distinciones redefiniendo la instrumentalidad animal en términos de biodiversidad y sostenibilidad
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